Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Daridorexant in Patients with Insomnia Disorder.

Background And Objective: Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia. In two phase III, 12-week studies in patients with insomnia disorder, daridorexant improved sleep and daytime functioning while maintaining a favorable safety profile. The objective of this 40-week extension study was to assess the long-term safety and tolerability of daridorexant.

Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are prevalent in the general population. Moreover, early studies found that the two conditions are associated bidirectionally and lead to poor health outcomes. The prevalence of comorbid MDD in OSA patients could be as high as two-thirds.

Defining the Profile of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Women Compared to Men.

The importance of understanding the presentation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in women has been increasingly recognized. Although there is some insight that there are significant differences in presentation between women and men, the consequences of such differences, particularly for treatment have not yet been fully identified. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the phenotype of OSA in women.

Potential Benefits of Daytime Naps on Consecutive Days for Motor Adaptation Learning.

Daytime napping offers benefits for motor memory learning and is used as a habitual countermeasure to improve daytime functioning. A single nap has been shown to ameliorate motor memory learning, although the effect of consecutive napping on motor memory consolidation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of daytime napping over multiple days on motor memory learning.

Consensus guidelines on the construct validity of rodent models of restless legs syndrome.

Our understanding of the causes and natural course of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is incomplete. The lack of objective diagnostic biomarkers remains a challenge for clinical research and for the development of valid animal models. As a task force of preclinical and clinical scientists, we have previously defined face validity parameters for rodent models of RLS.

10-year anniversary of the European Somnologist examination - A historic overview and critical appraisal.

The European Somnologist certification programme was developed by the European Sleep Research Society to improve patient care in sleep medicine by providing an independent evaluation of theoretical and practical knowledge. The examination of eligible experts plays a key role in this procedure. A process was started more than 15 years ago to create the European sleep medicine curriculum, eligibility criteria for certification, and sleep centre accreditation criteria.

Effect of napping on a bean bag chair on sleep stage, muscle activity, and heart rate variability.

Background: Although ample evidence has demonstrated that daytime napping is beneficial for health and cognitive performance, bedding for napping has not yet been scientifically investigated.

Objectives: To explore the effect of a bean bag chair on daytime napping and physiological parameters related to sleep.

Methods: Fourteen healthy participants were enrolled within the context of a randomized, single-blind, crossover study to evaluate the effects of a bean bag chair in comparison with those of a urethane chair manufactured to have a similar shape.

Effects of Sleep Restriction on Self-Reported Putting Performance in Golf.

In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of sleep restriction (SR) on self-reported golf putting skills. Eleven collegiate golfers participated in a self-reported, counterbalanced experimental study under two conditions: (a) a SR condition in which sleep on the night prior to putting was restricted to 4-5 hours, and (b) a habitual normal sleep (NS) condition on the night before the putting test. Following each sleep condition, participants engaged in ten consecutive putting tests at 7 am, 11 am, and 3 pm.

Is decision-making influenced by interactions between extended wakefulness and weak emotional stressors? An experimental study.

In this study, we aimed to determine whether 21-hour continuous wakefulness decreases performance in the Iowa Gambling Task and examine the effect of the interaction between a weak emotional stressor and prolonged continuous wakefulness on the decision-making process, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. Approximately half of 38 healthy college students were in the sleep deprivation condition (they performed the task at 4:30 a.m.

Brain Iron Deficiency Changes the Stoichiometry of Adenosine Receptor Subtypes in Cortico-Striatal Terminals: Implications for Restless Legs Syndrome.

Brain iron deficiency (BID) constitutes a primary pathophysiological mechanism in restless legs syndrome (RLS). BID in rodents has been widely used as an animal model of RLS, since it recapitulates key neurochemical changes reported in RLS patients and shows an RLS-like behavioral phenotype. Previous studies with the BID-rodent model of RLS demonstrated increased sensitivity of cortical pyramidal cells to release glutamate from their striatal nerve terminals driving striatal circuits, a correlative finding of the cortical motor hyperexcitability of RLS patients.

Restless legs syndrome.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urge to move that appears during rest or is exacerbated by rest, that occurs in the evening or night and that disappears during movement or is improved by movement. Symptoms vary considerably in age at onset, frequency and severity, with severe forms affecting sleep, quality of life and mood. Patients with RLS often display periodic leg movements during sleep or resting wakefulness.

Exploring the Effect of Long Naps on Handball Performance and Heart Rate Variability.

This study explored the effect of long naps on handball-related performance and assessed the role of the cardiac autonomic nervous system in this process. Eleven male collegiate handball players performed a repeated sequential trial consisting of a 20-m consecutive turnaround run, 10-m run with a load, and shooting the ball into a target. Participants were allocated randomly and sequentially to have a short (20 minutes) nap, long (60 minutes) nap, or no nap.

Correlation between systemic iron parameters and substantia nigra iron stores in restless legs syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between systemic iron parameters (SIP) and substantia nigra (SN) iron deposits, as assessed by transcranial sonography (TCS) in restless legs syndrome (RLS).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in RLS patients, from whom blood samples with SIP were obtained, consisting of total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum iron, and serum transferrin. TCS was performed over the SN, and the substantia nigra echogenicity index (SNEI) was determined according to established methods.

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study with Dipyridamole for Restless Legs Syndrome.

Background: New pharmacological targets are needed for restless legs syndrome. Preclinical data suggest that a hypoadenosinergic state plays an important pathogenetic role.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transporters, for example, dipyridamole, could provide effective symptomatic treatment.

Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder.

Sleep-related rhythmic movements disorder (SRRMD), typically considered a benign pediatric sleep disorder, comprise a group of movement disorders that occur predominantly early in childhood with an average age of onset of 9 months of age. Although it usually resolves spontaneously as the child ages, it can persist into adulthood. In this article, the authors review the identification, diagnosis, and management of SRRMD in children and adults.

Restless Legs Syndrome: Challenges to Treatment.

For a long time, dopaminergic treatment (DT) was the medication for restless legs syndrome. Although DT is effective and safe over the short-term, complications develop over longer periods, including augmentation, tolerance, and impulse control disorders. Nowadays, it is recommended that first-line treatment should be alpha-2 ligands, which are more effective in the absence of previous DT.

Akathisia and Restless Legs Syndrome: Solving the Dopaminergic Paradox.

Akathisia is an urgent need to move that is associated with treatment with dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs) and with restless legs syndrome (RLS). The pathogenetic mechanism of akathisia has not been resolved. This article proposes that it involves an increased presynaptic dopaminergic transmission in the ventral striatum and concomitant strong activation of postsynaptic dopamine D receptors, which form complexes (heteromers) with dopamine D and adenosine A receptors.

Restless Legs Syndrome - Clinical Features.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurologic conditions, with an estimated prevalence in European and North American heritage populations of about 2% to 5%. Because RLS diagnosis is essentially clinical, a careful evaluation of the symptoms is mandatory. It is important to exclude RLS mimics and evaluate factors that could exacerbate RLS symptoms.

The Clinical Evaluation of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders.

This article is a comprehensive review of the clinical evaluation of sleep-related movement disorders. In this review, the authors present a practical approach to help clinicians identify the "pattern recognition" of movement and behavior disorders during sleep, with the process of translating a particular movement that occurs when asleep, with clinically classifying disorders, and with obtaining an etiologic diagnosis. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review of the literature, but to concentrate on the most important symptoms, so the clinical approach can be improved and the best choices can be made during the diagnostic process.

We need to do better: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of restless legs syndrome screening instruments.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of screening instruments for restless legs syndrome (RLS) and reports sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV). Searches for primary studies were conducted in electronic databases. Of the 1541 citations identified, 52 were included in the meta-analysis.

Defining the Heterogeneity of Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Cluster Analysis With Implications for Patient Management.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex pathology with heterogeneity that has not been fully characterized to date. Our objective is to identify groups of patients with common clinical characteristics through cluster analysis that could predict patient prognosis, the impact of comorbidities and/or the response to a common treatment.

Methods: Cluster analysis was performed using the hierarchical cluster method in 2025 patients in the apnea-HUGU cohort.

Consensus Guidelines on Rodent Models of Restless Legs Syndrome.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic sensorimotor disorder diagnosed by clinical symptoms. It is challenging to translate the diagnostic self-reported features of RLS to animals. To help researchers design their experiments, a task force was convened to develop consensus guidelines for experimental readouts in RLS animal models.

Restless sleep in children: A systematic review.

This systematic review assessed the prevalence of restless sleep in children, documented the association of restless sleep with other conditions, and summarized the existing evidence regarding whether restless sleep should be considered a distinct sleep disorder. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed using the broad search term "restless sleep" in all fields. Of the 266 articles retrieved, 107 were retained for inclusion in this review.