The European Academy for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: An initiative of the European Insomnia Network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment.

Insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide, confers marked risks for both physical and mental health. Furthermore, insomnia is associated with considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. Recent guidelines in the US and Europe unequivocally conclude that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) should be the first-line treatment for the disorder.

Estimation of the apnea-hypopnea index in a heterogeneous sleep-disordered population using optimised cardiovascular features.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder, which results in daytime symptoms, a reduced quality of life as well as long-term negative health consequences. OSA diagnosis and severity rating is typically based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) retrieved from overnight poly(somno)graphy. However, polysomnography is costly, obtrusive and not suitable for long-term recordings.

Seasonality of restless legs syndrome: symptom variability in winter and summer times.

Introduction: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor neurological disorder, with symptoms that might cause sleep fragmentation leading to excessive daytime sleepiness. A seasonality of RLS symptoms has been suggested; however, to date, no study focused on this aspect. In order to detect a possible seasonality of RLS manifestations, we evaluated RLS symptom severity and excessive daytime sleepiness in winter and summer in RLS patients.

Bone metabolism parameters and inactive matrix Gla protein in patients with obstructive sleep apnea†.

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters, trabecular bone score (TBS), bone turnover markers and inactive matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) between patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and healthy controls.

Methods: This study enrolled 53 male patients diagnosed with OSA, and 50 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects. All participants underwent DXA imaging, TBS assessment and blood sampling for biochemical analysis of bone metabolism markers.

Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Periodic Limb Movements in a Large Cohort of Insomnia and Chronic Fatigue Patients.

Introduction: Although the pathophysiology of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) is not well understood, there is increasing belief that management of PLMS can modulate humans' general health. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between risk factors including the use of antidepressants, hypnotics, and antihistamines as well as of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine and the occurrence of PLMS and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD).

Methods: Patients with either chronic fatigue or insomnia who underwent polysomnography as standardized clinical assessment were included in a retrospective study.

Current Directions in the Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation I - A Physiological Perspective.

Electrical stimulation of the auricular vagus nerve (aVNS) is an emerging technology in the field of bioelectronic medicine with applications in therapy. Modulation of the afferent vagus nerve affects a large number of physiological processes and bodily states associated with information transfer between the brain and body. These include disease mitigating effects and sustainable therapeutic applications ranging from chronic pain diseases, neurodegenerative and metabolic ailments to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.

Validation of NoSAS (Neck, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex) score as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea: Analysis in a sleep clinic.

Introduction: Screening methods have become increasingly important due to the growing number of patients suspected of having obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) being referred to sleep clinics. The Lausanne NoSAS (Neck circumference, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex) score test is a simple, efficient, and easily employed tool enabling identification of individuals at risk for the disease. The score ranges from 0 to 17 and the patient has a high probability of OSA if they have a NoSAS score of 8 or higher.

Exploring the Parkinson patients' perspective on home-based video recording for movement analysis: a qualitative study.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a variety of motor- as well as non-motor symptoms. Video-based technology (using continuous home monitoring) may bridge the gap between the fragmented in-clinic observations and the need for a comprehensive understanding of the progression and fluctuation of disease symptoms. However, continuous monitoring can be intrusive, raising questions about feasibility as well as potential privacy violation.

Cerebral glucose metabolism in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder is different from tau-related and α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders: A brain [18F]FDG PET study.

Introduction: Several longitudinal studies revealed that patients affected by idiopathic REM behavior disorder (iRBD) trend to convert to α-synucleinopathies at follow-up, although the time and direction of conversion is currently unpredictable. This study aimed at evaluating brain glucose metabolism, measured by [18F]FDG-PET, in patients affected by iRBD and compared to Parkinson's Disease (PD), Lewy Body Dementia (DLB), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and controls.

Methods: Differences in brain [18F]FDG uptake were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping implemented in Matlab R2012b among iRBD, PD, DLB, AD, and controls.

Tissue-Sparing Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for OSA: Conservative, Compassionate and Possibly just as Effective.

A common surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Unfortunately, traditional UPPP can cause a foreign body sensation, chronic discomfort and in rare cases, nasopharyngeal stenosis or velopharyngeal insufficiency. Modifications to traditional UPPP have been developed over the years to help decrease side effects, while trying to maintain or improve OSA outcomes.

Sleep EEG characteristics associated with sleep onset misperception.

Study Objective: To study sleep EEG characteristics associated with misperception of Sleep Onset Latency (SOL).

Methods: Data analysis was based on secondary analysis of standard in-lab polysomnographic recordings in 20 elderly people with insomnia and 21 elderly good sleepers. Parameters indicating sleep fragmentation, such as number of awakenings, wake after sleep onset (WASO) and percentage of NREM1 were extracted from the polsysomnogram, as well as spectral power, microarousals and sleep spindle index.

BaSIQS - basic scale on insomnia complaints and quality of sleep: reliability, norms, validity, and accuracy studies, based on clinical and community samples.

This research focused on the Basic Scale on Insomnia Symptoms and Quality of Sleep (BaSIQS), formerly validated in undergraduates using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and aimed to expand internal consistency analysis, examine thoroughly its validity, and determine its clinical accuracy. Considering objective and subjective measures, recruiting non-clinical and clinical samples, this research implemented a comprehensive approach to examine convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analyses, and the BaSIQS sensitivity and specificity. The BaSIQS was filled out along with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), questions on sleep-wake schedules, Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) by 1198 adults, 18-64 years old, plus another 30 who wore actimeters, recruited in community settings.

Obstructive sleep apnea may induce orexinergic system and cerebral β-amyloid metabolism dysregulation: is it a further proof for Alzheimer's disease risk?

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with pathological changes of cerebral β-amyloid dynamics. Orexin has been demonstrated interfering with β-amyloid metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. The present study investigated cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) β-amyloid (Aβ), β-amyloid (Aβ) and orexin levels in OSA patients compared to AD patients and controls.

Brain Glucose Metabolism Heterogeneity in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and in Parkinson's Disease.

Background/objective: Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) often precedes Parkinson's disease (PD) and other alpha-synucleinopathies. The aim of the study is to investigate brain glucose metabolism of patients with RBD and PD by means of a multidimensional scaling approach, using18F-FDG-PET as a biomarker of synaptic function.

Methods: Thirty-six iRBD patients (64.

CSF Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Synucleinopathies: Focus on Idiopathic RBD.

Purpose Of Review: Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is one of the most significant prodromal manifestations of synucleinopathies. Different predictive biomarkers for iRBD conversion have been investigated, but scarce data are present in literature about the predictive role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. In this review, we focus on CSF biomarkers in patients with both iRBD and RBD associated with synucleinopathies to explore their potential predictive power.

Daytime sleepiness may be an independent symptom unrelated to sleep quality in Parkinson's disease.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) may represent a disabling non-motor symptom in patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). This is a secondary analysis of a previous study documenting the improvement of nocturnal sleep in PD patients treated by rotigotine vs placebo. Here we tested the supposition that EDS may represent a distinct PD non-motor symptom occurring independently of other sleep-wake disorders; moreover, we verified whether EDS can be influenced by the improvement of nocturnal sleep in PD.

Sinus or not: a new beat detection algorithm based on a pulse morphology quality index to extract normal sinus rhythm beats from wrist-worn photoplethysmography recordings.

Objective: Wrist-worn photoplethysmography (PPG) can enable free-living physiological monitoring of people during diverse activities, ranging from sleep to physical exercise. In many applications, it is important to remove the pulses not related to sinus rhythm beats from the PPG signal before using it as a cardiovascular descriptor. In this manuscript, we propose an algorithm to assess the morphology of the PPG signal in order to reject non-sinus rhythm pulses, such as artefacts or pulses related to arrhythmic beats.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Orexin Levels and Nocturnal Sleep Disruption in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Showing Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognition, frequently associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Among NPS, sleep disturbances often affect AD patients.

Daytime autonomic activity in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a preliminary study.

Ojective: To investigate cardiovascular and sudomotor autonomic functions in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) during wakefulness compared to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy subjects.

Methods: Drug-naïve iRBD patients, PD patients and healthy controls underwent cardiovascular function tests including head-up tilt test (HUTT), Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, hand grip, and cold face. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed in the frequency domain using an autoregressive algorithm in the rest supine condition and during HUTT.

Long-term quality of life outcomes of maxillomandibular advancement osteotomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

This study was performed to evaluate the long-term impact of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery on the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and quality of life (QoL) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The medical files of 12 OSAS patients who underwent MMA by one surgeon between 1995 and 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients received a clinical assessment, polysomnography, and QoL questionnaires as part of routine care preoperatively (n=12), within 2 years postoperative (n=12), and again in 2016 (n=9).

Preliminary evidence that vortioxetine may improve sleep quality in depressed patients with insomnia: a retrospective questionnaire analysis.

Insomnia is a frequent symptom in depressed patients. It can present with difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep. We retrospectively evaluated a group of 15 patients affected by major depressive disorder and complaining of insomnia, who started vortioxetine (VOR) treatment for their depressive symptoms.

Narcolepsy and adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines - Multi-country assessment.

Background: In 2010, a safety signal was detected for narcolepsy following vaccination with Pandemrix, an AS03-adjuvanted monovalent pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) vaccine. To further assess a possible association and inform policy on future use of adjuvants, we conducted a multi-country study of narcolepsy and adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccines.

Methods: We used electronic health databases to conduct a dynamic retrospective cohort study to assess narcolepsy incidence rates (IR) before and during pH1N1 virus circulation, and after pH1N1 vaccination campaigns in Canada, Denmark, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.