Representations of temporal sleep dynamics: Review and synthesis of the literature.

Sleep is characterized by an intricate variation of brain activity over time. Measuring these temporal sleep dynamics is relevant for elucidating healthy and pathological sleep mechanisms. The rapidly increasing possibilities for obtaining and processing sleep registrations have led to an abundance of data, which can be challenging to analyze and interpret.

Validation of the Dutch translation of the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale for non-REM parasomnias in a 1-year and 1-month version.

Study Objectives: We created a Dutch version of the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale (PADSS), which assesses non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnia symptoms over the past year (PADSS-year). This questionnaire was previously validated in patients with sleep walking and/or sleep terrors (SW/ST). We validated the questionnaire in SW/ST patients, and in a broader population, including patients with confusional arousals, comorbidities, and medication users ("other NREM parasomnias").

Camera-based objective measures of Parkinson's disease gait features.

Objective: Parkinson's disease is a common, age-related, neurodegenerative disease, affecting gait and other motor functions. Technological developments in consumer imaging are starting to provide high-quality, affordable tools for home-based diagnosis and monitoring. This pilot study aims to investigate whether a consumer depth camera can capture changes in gait features of Parkinson's patients.

Recognizing the Symptom Spectrum of Narcolepsy to Improve Timely Diagnosis: A Narrative Review.

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder with a strong negative impact on quality of life, especially when untreated. Diagnostic delay is a persistent problem, with obvious detrimental effects on patients. A diagnosis of narcolepsy may be delayed because of its broad symptom presentation which is much more encompassing than the classical "tetrad" of sleepiness, cataplexy, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.

It is All in the Wrist: Wearable Sleep Staging in a Clinical Population versus Reference Polysomnography.

Purpose: There is great interest in unobtrusive long-term sleep measurements using wearable devices based on reflective photoplethysmography (PPG). Unfortunately, consumer devices are not validated in patient populations and therefore not suitable for clinical use. Several sleep staging algorithms have been developed and validated based on ECG-signals.

Awakening to sleep disorders in Europe: Survey on education, knowledge and treatment competence of European residents and neurologists.

Objectives: Sleep-wake disorders are common in the general population and in most neurological disorders but are often poorly recognized. With the hypothesis that neurologists do not get sufficient training during their residency, the Young European Sleep Neurologist Association (YESNA) of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) performed a survey on postgraduate sleep education.

Methods: A 16-item questionnaire was developed and distributed among neurologists and residents across European countries.

Radar-based sleep stage classification in children undergoing polysomnography: a pilot-study.

Study Objectives: Unobtrusive monitoring of sleep and sleep disorders in children presents challenges. We investigated the possibility of using Ultra-Wide band (UWB) radar to measure sleep in children.

Methods: Thirty-two children scheduled to undergo a clinical polysomnography participated; their ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years.

Dynamical indicators of resilience from physiological time series in geriatric inpatients: Lessons learned.

The concept of physical resilience may help geriatric medicine objectively assess patients' ability to 'bounce back' from future health challenges. Indicators putatively forecasting resilience have been developed under two paradigms with different perspectives: Critical Slowing Down and Loss of Complexity. This study explored whether these indicators validly reflect the construct of resilience in geriatric inpatients.

Sleep-Wake Survival Dynamics in People with Insomnia.

Introduction: Assessing objective measures of sleep fragmentation could yield important features reflecting impaired sleep quality in people with insomnia. Survival analysis allows the specific examination of the stability of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wake. The objective of this study was to assess the differences between survival dynamics of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wake between people with insomnia and healthy controls.

Behavioural biometrics: Using smartphone keyboard activity as a proxy for rest-activity patterns.

Rest-activity patterns are important aspects of healthy sleep and may be disturbed in conditions like circadian rhythm disorders, insomnia, insufficient sleep syndrome, and neurological disorders. Long-term monitoring of rest-activity patterns is typically performed with diaries or actigraphy. Here, we propose an unobtrusive method to obtain rest-activity patterns using smartphone keyboard activity.

On-the-road driving performance of patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence.

Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a core symptom of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, which impairs driving performance. Adequate treatment improves daytime alertness, but it is unclear whether driving performance completely normalizes. This study compares driving performance of patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia receiving treatment to that of healthy controls.

Audio-based snore detection using deep neural networks.

Background And Objective: Snoring is a prevalent phenomenon. It may be benign, but can also be a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) a prevalent sleep disorder. Accurate detection of snoring may help with screening and diagnosis of OSA.

Home-EEG assessment of possible compensatory mechanisms for sleep disruption in highly irregular shift workers - The ANCHOR study.

Study Objectives: While poor sleep quality has been related to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, long-time shift workers (maritime pilots) did not manifest evidence of early Alzheimer's disease in a recent study. We explored two hypotheses of possible compensatory mechanisms for sleep disruption: Increased efficiency in generating deep sleep during workweeks (model 1) and rebound sleep during rest weeks (model 2).

Methods: We used data from ten male maritime pilots (mean age: 51.

Assessing sleep-wake survival dynamics in relation to sleep quality in a placebo-controlled pharmacological intervention study with people with insomnia and healthy controls.

Rationale: The mechanisms underlying impaired sleep quality in insomnia are not fully known, but an important role for sleep fragmentation has been proposed.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore potential mechanisms of sleep fragmentation influencing alterations of perceived sleep quality.

Methods: We analyzed polysomnography (PSG) recordings from a double-blind crossover study with zopiclone 7.

Respiratory activity extracted from wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography in a sleep-disordered population.

Objective: Respiratory activity is an essential parameter to monitor healthy and disordered sleep, and unobtrusive measurement methods have important clinical applications in diagnostics of sleep-related breathing disorders. We propose a respiratory activity surrogate extracted from wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography validated on a heterogeneous dataset of 389 sleep recordings.

Approach: The surrogate was extracted by interpolating the amplitude of the PPG pulses after evaluation of pulse morphological quality.

Prescription Drugs Used in Insomnia.

The scope of this article is to review the effects on sleep of prescription drugs that are commonly prescribed for chronic insomnia in adults. The following groups are discussed: benzodiazepines and its receptor agonists, the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant, melatonin and its receptor agonists, sedating antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Together with the neurobiologic and pharmacologic properties of these drugs, clinical effects are described, including subjective and objective effects on sleep duration, continuity, and architecture.

HLA associations in narcolepsy type 1 persist after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.

We aimed to compare HLA-DQB1-associations in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) patients with disease onset before and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in a large Dutch cohort. 525 NT1 patients and 1272 HLA-DQB1*06:02-positive healthy controls were included. Because of the discussion that has arisen on the existence of sporadic and post-H1N1 NT1, HLA-DQB1-associations in pre- and post-H1N1 NT1 patients were compared.

Long-Term Occupational Sleep Loss and Post-Retirement Cognitive Decline or Dementia.

Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that poor sleep is a risk factor that contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most studies have focused on short-term effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function, whereas longitudinal studies are limited to self-reported sleep and the risk of later-life dementia. Because sleep loss could be an early manifestation of neurodegenerative disease, reverse causality in these studies cannot be excluded.

Management of insomnia in sleep disordered breathing.

Both obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and chronic insomnia disorder are highly prevalent in the general population. Whilst both disorders may occur together by mere coincidence, it appears that they share clinical features and that they may aggravate each other as a result of reciprocally adverse pathogenetic mechanisms. Comorbidity between chronic insomnia disorder and OSA is a clinically relevant condition that may confront practitioners with serious diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

New-generation positional therapy in patients with positional central sleep apnea.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a sleep position trainer (SPT) in patients with positional central sleep apnea (PCSA).

Methods: A multicentre cohort study was conducted. Patients with symptomatic PCSA were included.

Sleep-Cognition Hypothesis In maritime Pilots, what is the effect of long-term work-related poor sleep on cognition and amyloid accumulation in healthy middle-aged maritime pilots: methodology of a case-control study.

Introduction: Evidence indicates a bidirectional relationship between poor sleep and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While AD may lead to disruption of normal sleep, poor sleep in itself may play a causal role in the development of AD by influencing the production and/or clearance of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein. This led to the hypothesis that extended periods (>10 years) of sleep loss could lead to Aβ accumulation with subsequent cognitive AD-related decline.

Publisher Correction: Enhanced food-related responses in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in narcolepsy type 1.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Enhanced food-related responses in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in narcolepsy type 1.

Narcolepsy type 1 is a chronic sleep disorder caused by a deficiency of the orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides. In addition to sleep regulation, orexin is important for motivated control processes. Weight gain and obesity are common in narcolepsy.