Meal timing relative to DLMO: Associations with BMI and body fat.

Background: Timing of eating relative to the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) may serve as a modifiable risk factor for adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether the timing of eating relative to DLMO is associated with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and diet in healthy adults without the confound of sleep deprivation.

Methods: Healthy men and women (N = 97), ages 18-50, with a habitual sleep duration of ≥6.

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and obstructive sleep apnea have increased paroxysmal limb movement.

Background: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) frequently experience sleep disruption and are at a higher than normal risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The purpose of this study was to determine how CRS affects polysomnography findings and sleep-related breathing in OSA.

Methods: A cohort study was performed that included 107 adult patients with CRS and comorbid OSA (CRS+OSA group) and 137 patients with OSA and without CRS as the control group.

Risk of obstructive sleep apnea in African American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: It is widely known that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) commonly experience sleep disruption. Many of these patients have the associated diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known about the risk factors for developing OSA in the CRS population.

Morning Versus Evening Bright Light Treatment at Home to Improve Function and Pain Sensitivity for Women with Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To test the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of a home-based morning versus evening bright light treatment on function and pain sensitivity in women with fibromyalgia.

Design: A single blind randomized study with two treatment arms: 6 days of a 1 hour morning light treatment or 6 days of a 1 hour evening light treatment. Function, pain sensitivity, and circadian timing were assessed before and after treatment.

An Adaptive Treatment to Improve Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Adherence in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Proof of Concept Trial.

Despite the benefits of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment, rates of adherence to treatment are suboptimal. This proof-of-concept study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical significance of an adaptive treatment strategy to improve adherence to PAP. All participants first completed a brief educational intervention.

Home dim light melatonin onsets with measures of compliance in delayed sleep phase disorder.

The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) assists with the diagnosis and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Home DLMOs are attractive for cost savings and convenience, but can be confounded by home lighting and sample timing errors. We developed a home saliva collection kit with objective measures of light exposure and sample timing.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Comorbid With Psychiatric and Medical Conditions: A Meta-analysis.

Importance: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the most prominent nonpharmacologic treatment for insomnia disorders. Although meta-analyses have examined primary insomnia, less is known about the comparative efficacy of CBT-I on comorbid insomnia.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of CBT-I for insomnia comorbid with psychiatric and/or medical conditions for (1) remission from insomnia; (2) self-reported sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, and subjective sleep quality; and (3) comorbid symptoms.

Home Circadian Phase Assessments with Measures of Compliance Yield Accurate Dim Light Melatonin Onsets.

Study Objectives: There is a need for the accurate assessment of circadian phase outside of the clinic/laboratory, particularly with the gold standard dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). We tested a novel kit designed to assist in saliva sampling at home for later determination of the DLMO. The home kit includes objective measures of compliance to the requirements for dim light and half-hourly saliva sampling.

The relationship between beliefs about sleep and adherence to behavioral treatment combined with meditation for insomnia.

This study examined beliefs about sleep, as measured by the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) scale, as predictors of adherence to 3 specific insomnia treatment recommendations: restriction of time spent in bed, maintenance of a consistent rise time, and completion of daily meditation practice. Higher DBAS scores predicted poorer adherence to restriction of time spent in bed and to maintenance of a prescribed rise time. DBAS scores were not associated with completion of daily meditation.

Sleep complaints and incident disability in a community-based cohort study of older persons.

Objective: Sleep complaints are associated with adverse health consequences. We hypothesized that non-disabled older persons with more sleep complaints have an increased risk of developing disability.

Methods: Subjects included 908 older clergy participating in the Religious Order Study without clinical dementia, history of stroke, or Parkinson disease.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders.

This article begins with a review of the major central nervous system functional systems that allow for optimal alertness during the waking day, and the rapid initiation and good maintenance of sleep at night. Subsequent sections discuss each of the 6 primary circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Attention is paid to known or suspected pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria and assessment methodology, and treatment options.

Daytime sleepiness in mild Alzheimer's disease with and without parkinsonian features.

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and nocturnal sleep disruption are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known regarding risk factors for developing EDS and sleep disruption in AD. In AD, EDS is associated with parkinsonian motor features (PF), which are associated with faster cognitive decline.

A two-dimensional approach to assessing affective states in good and poor sleepers.

This study examined a two-dimensional approach to assessing affective states among good and poor sleepers using the self-assessment manikin (SAM), a brief non-verbal self-report measure of affective states with separate ratings of valence and arousal. A sample of 286 undergraduate students completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the SAM. Participants were classified post hoc as either good (PSQI ≤ 5) or poor sleepers (PSQI > 5) using the PSQI and used the SAM to rate their current affective states (day) and their affective state at bedtime (night) the previous night.

Pain coping strategies for tension-type headache: possible implications for insomnia?

Study Objectives: Insomnia has been identified as a risk factor for tension-type headache, although the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance in this population is unclear. The present study examined pain-related self-management strategies in a nonclinical, young-adult sample for preliminary evidence to support a novel hypothesis for the development of insomnia in this population.

Methods: Self-report data on triggers of headache, pain interference with sleep, and pain-related self-management strategies were analyzed for 32 women with tension-type headache and 33 women with minimal pain who served as controls.

Delayed sleep phase syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment options.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), a circadian-rhythm sleep disorder thought to result from the endogenous circadian pacemaker being "stuck" at a later-than-normal phase, relative to the desired sleep-wake schedule. A full understanding of this disorder is best appreciated from the context of shared modulation of sleep and wakefulness via sleep homeostatic and circadian systems. Typically emerging during adolescence, DSPS comes to clinical attention much less often than prevalence estimates would suggest, perhaps due to underrecognition by clinicians and misattribution of symptoms.