Immunologic adverse events from immune checkpoint therapy.

The growth of cancer immunotherapy has led to an urgent need for a multispecialty approach to treating patients with advanced malignancies. Checkpoint inhibitor therapies cause a wide range of toxicities termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ system. Similar to the anti-tumor responses induced by these medications, irAEs represent an interruption of self-tolerance that results in T cell-driven cytotoxicity, the exact mechanisms of which are likely heterogeneous.

Comparison of medial and lateral posterior femoral condyle articular cartilage wear patterns.

Background: While degenerative changes to the articular cartilage of the anterior and distal portions of the femoral condyles have been well studied in the literature, the changes that occur on the posterior femoral condyle are not as clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in articular cartilage thickness between the medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles in knees undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively gathered data on 107 consecutive patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty performed by a single surgeon was performed.

Reliability and accuracy of digital templating for the humeral component of total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: This experimental study evaluated the interobserver reliability and accuracy of pre-operative digital templating for humeral head size, stem size and neck angle for total shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods: Twenty-five patients underwent a total shoulder arthroplasty with a single prosthesis. Four independent, blinded surgeons (two experienced shoulder surgeons and two PGY-6 fellows) used pre-operative radiographs and templating software to generate templates of the humeral head, stem and neck for each patient.

Are conventional reconstruction plates equivalent to precontoured locking plates for distal humerus fracture fixation? A biomechanics cadaver study.

Background: The optimal plate type and configuration for distal humerus fracture fixation has yet to be defined. Available biomechanical studies show conflicting results. No existing studies compare conventional reconstruction plates to newer precontoured distal humerus locking plates in both parallel and perpendicular configurations.