Association of maternal vitamin D status with the risk of preeclampsia.

The aim of this study was to examine serum vitamin D concentrations from early pregnancy until delivery in women who did and did not develop preeclampsia. This longitudinal study was carried out in Pune, India. A total of 1154 women with singleton pregnancies were recruited in early pregnancy from two hospitals.

Advertising of Pre-Packaged Foods in India: A Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: We examined the 'nutrients of concern' in pre-packaged food products that are commonly advertised, as per WHO standards and Nova Classification.

Methods: This was a qualitative study, using a convenience sampling method, to identify advertisements of pre-packaged food products. We also analyzed their content from information on the packets, and their compliance with applicable Indian laws.

The Need for Food Fortification With Zinc in India: Is There Evidence for This?

There has been recent advocacy for food fortification with zinc in India. However, there are three important conditions that should be established before fortifying food with any micronutrient, which requires that there should be i) Established high prevalence of biochemical or sub-clinical deficiency (≥20%), ii) Low dietary intakes that increase the risk of deficiency, and iii) Evidence of efficacy of supplementation from clinical trials. For zinc, all three conditions are not satisfied.

Pediatric Liver Abscess: Outcomes of Protocol-based Management and Predictors of Poor Outcome.

Background: Liver abscess (LA) is an important cause of morbidity in children, especially in tropical countries. There is a paucity of data in pediatric LA with no standard guidelines regarding the best modality of treatment and drainage. With a large influx of patients at our center and protocol-based management; we aimed to study clinic-radiologic profile, risk factors, complications and outcomes of children with liver abscess and assessed possible predictors for poor outcomes.

Growth patterns in childhood and adolescence and adult body composition: a pooled analysis of birth cohort studies from five low and middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration).

Objective: We examined associations among serial measures of linear growth and relative weight with adult body composition.

Design: Secondary data analysis of prospective birth cohort studies.

Settings: Six birth cohorts from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines and South Africa.

Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Children and Adolescents From a Nationally Representative Survey in India.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its correlates among apparently healthy children and adolescents.

Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of data of Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-18 to analyze the pre-valence and predictors of VDD among Indian children and adolescents.

Results: The over-all prevalence of VDD in preschool children (1-4 years), school age (5-9 years) children, and adolescents (10-19 years) was 13.

Comparison of Weight for Height and BMI for Age for Estimating Overnutrition Burden in Under-Five Populations With High Stunting Prevalence.

Background: Overnourished under-five children are anthro-pometrically classified as either being at possible risk of over-weight, overweight or obese and defined so, when either weight for height or body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) are >1SD to 2SD, >2SD to 3SD and >3SD, respectively of the analogous World Health Organization standards.

Aim: To compare weight for height and BMI for age definitions for quantifying overnutrition burden.

Methods: Theoretical consequences of ignoring age were evaluated by comparing, at varying height for age z-scores, the age- and sex-specific cutoffs of BMI that would define overnutrition with these two metrics.

The development of QERM scoring system for comprehensive assessment of the Quality of Empirical Research in Medicine - Part 1.

Purpose: Whereas a large number of features are mentioned to connote the quality of medical research, no tool is available to comprehensively measure it objectively across different types of studies. Also, all the available tools are for reporting, and none includes quality of the inputs and the process of research. The present paper is aimed to initiate a discussion on the need to develop such a comprehensive scoring system (in the first place), to show that it is feasible, and to describe the process of developing a credible system.

Prevalence of and Factors Associated With High Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in India.

Importance: High blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is becoming one of the most common health conditions worldwide and is much more widely prevalent than previously thought.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of high BP in adolescents in India and identify associated factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018), which used a multistage, stratified, probability proportion to size cluster sampling design to enroll a nationally representative sample of households and individuals aged 10 to 19 years across all states and union territories of India.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adolescents in India: a population-based study.

Background: In India, the prevalence of overweight among adolescents is on the rise, setting the stage for an increase in metabolic syndrome (MS). This paper presents the national prevalence of MS in adolescents in India.

Methods: A nationally representative data of adolescents (10-19 years) from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey was used.

Is iron status associated with markers of non-communicable disease in adolescent Indian children?

Background: High body iron status has been associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD) like diabetes (high fasting blood glucose, FBG), hypertension (HTN) or dyslipidaemia (high total cholesterol, TC) in adults, but this has not been examined in adolescent children. This is relevant to iron supplementation and food iron fortification programs that are directed at Indian children.

Methods: The association of NCD with Serum Ferritin (SF) was examined using logistic additive models, adjusted for confounders such as age, body mass index, C-Reactive Protein, haemoglobin and sex, in adolescent (10-19 years old) participants of the Indian Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey.

Gestational weight gain in the REVAMP pregnancy cohort in Western India: Comparison with international and national references.

Objective: To determine the trimester specific gestational weight gain (GWG) in a population of pregnant women from Western India and compare it with the Intergrowth-21st international and an Indian reference (GARBH-Ini cohort-Group for Advanced Research on BirtH outcomes).

Study Design: A prospective longitudinal observational study was undertaken in Pune, West India and data for gestational weight gain was collected [the REVAMP study (Research Exploring Various Aspects and Mechanisms in Preeclampsia)]. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape method (GAMLSS model) were used to create GWG centile curves according to gestational age, stratified by BMI at recruitment ( = 640) and compared with Intergrowth-21st reference and GARBH-Ini cohort.

A risk-based approach to measuring population micronutrient status from blood biomarker concentrations.

Background: Nutrient biomarkers and their definitive cut-offs are used to classify individuals as nutrient-deficient or sufficient. This determinism does not consider any uncertainty, and a probability approach, using biomarker distributions, is then preferable to define the risk of nutrition deficiency when in populations.

Method: Healthy 1-19-year-old children and adolescents were selected from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), to obtain probability distributions of their retinol, zinc and vitamin B, along with erythrocyte folate.

Longitudinal Assessment of Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women with Preeclampsia.

The present study reports the levels of maternal serum calcium and magnesium from early pregnancy until delivery, along with cord levels, in women who developed preeclampsia (PE) and compares them with those without PE. A total of 324 pregnant women (216 non-PE and 108 PE women) were included in this retrospective case-control study of prospectively collected data nested in an observational cohort study. Maternal blood was collected at 4 time points during pregnancy (V1 = 11-14 weeks, V2 = 18-22 weeks, V3 = 26-28 weeks, and V4 = at delivery) and umbilical cord blood at delivery.

A proposed method for defining the required fortification level of micronutrients in foods: An example using iron.

In 2006, the WHO published a framework for calculating the desired level of fortification of any micronutrient in any staple food vehicle, to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. This framework set the target median nutrient intake, of the population consuming the fortified food, at the 97.5th percentile of their nutrient requirement distribution; the Probability of Inadequacy (PIA) of the nutrient would then be 2.

Childhood and Adolescent Anemia Burden in India: The Way Forward.

The burden of anemia in Indian children, based on capillary blood sampling, is believed to be profound and worsening (67.1%) according to the successive National Family Health Surveys (NFHS). This might be an overestimate.

True all inside meniscus repair using the popliteus tendon.

The popliteus tendon is a useful anchor point to repair the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. We describe a new, economical technique that does not violate the neurovascular structures, using an antegrade suture passer and a 2-0 fiberwire to repair the posterior segment including posterior horn of the lateral meniscus taking bites through the capsule and meniscus or the popliteus tendon and meniscus with no anchors in the capsule or popliteus. 9 patients were operated upon using this technique and the mean IKDC score improved from 24.