Borderline tumours of ovary and fertility preservation-Outcomes from a tertiary care center in India.

Objective: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are characterized by atypical epithelial proliferation without stromal invasion and majority are diagnosed in women of reproductive age group desirous of fertility preservation.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with BOT and on regular follow up at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, during a nine-year study period from March 2014 to March 2023 was performed. Surgical treatment was classified as radical or fertility sparing surgery (FSS).

Anthropometric Growth Reference for Indian Children and Adolescents.

Objective: We aimed to develop anthropometric growth references for Indian children and adolescents, based on available 'healthy' child data from multiple national surveys.

Methodology: Data on 'healthy' children, defined by comparable WHO's Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) selection criteria, were extracted from four Indian surveys over the last 2 decades, viz, NFHS-3, 4, and 5 and Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS). Reference distributions of height-for-age for children up to 19 years, weight-for-age for children up to 9y, weight-for-height for children less than 5 years and BMI for age for children between 5-19 y were estimated by GAMLSS with Box-Cox Power Exponential (BCPE) family.

Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with non-mRNA vaccines in adolescent/young adults with cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness in adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer patients are sparse. The present study assessed humoral and cellular immune responses post-vaccination in this population.

Methods: In this prospective study, patients aged 12-30 years undergoing cancer therapy ("on therapy") and survivors ("off therapy") were recruited.

Mandatory fortification of rice in the public distribution system in India: An ethics perspective.

In response to the continuing high prevalence of anaemia recorded in the National Family Health Survey-5, the Indian government launched a policy for mandatory iron fortification of the rice provided through public nutrition programmes in India. This was done even though a rigorous evidence analysis had already concluded that rice fortification was not effective in preventing anaemia or iron deficiency at the population level. Fortification also poses a potential risk of iron toxicity over time, but there is no stated time period for the policy's implementation.

The role of dairy consumption in the relationship between wealth and early life physical growth in India: evidence from multiple national surveys.

Introduction: Prevalence of undernutrition continues to be high in India and low household wealth is consistently associated with undernutrition. This association could be modified through improved dietary intake, including dairy consumption in young children. The beneficial effect of dairy on child growth has not been explored at a national level in India.

A prospective study on the effectiveness of a combination regime (Mifepristone and Misoprostol) in comparison with Misoprostol for missed abortion.

Introduction: Misoprostol is widely used in the medical management of missed abortions. However, pretreatment with Mifepristone has shown to be effective but still not recommended to be used in missed abortions.

Aims And Objectives: To compare the outcome of medically managed missed abortion or blighted ovum using combination regime (Mifepristone and Misoprostol) vs Misoprostol alone.

Bioavailability and daily requirement of vitamin B in adult humans: an observational study of its colonic absorption and daily excretion as measured by [C]-cyanocobalamin kinetics.

Background: Clinical and biochemical vitamin B (B) deficiency is lower than anticipated in vegetarians. Extraileal absorption, such as from the colon, as well as reduced daily excretion, may be adaptive mechanisms to maintain B homeostasis with marginal intakes.

Objective: To measure the absorption of B from the small and large intestine, and its daily rate of excretion from the body, using a [C]-cyanocobalamin tracer.

Estimated risk of cardiovascular events and long-term complications: The projected future of diabetes patients in Delhi from the DEDICOM-II survey.

Problem: Despite high prevalence and ethnic susceptibility, limited published estimates are available on long term complication risks among known diabetes patients in India. Hence, we undertook evaluation of the cardiovascular risk of known diabetes patients from Delhi.

Methods: The community-survey was conducted using a probability-proportionate-to-size(systematic) 2-stage cluster design.

A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a community leader-driven kit-based diabetes self-management education approach in improving diabetes control and care: study protocol for the DElhi Diabetes INTervention Trial (DEDINTT).

Introduction: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) helps patients self-manage their condition and improve outcomes/quality of life. However, access to DSME is limited, particularly in low-income areas. This study aims to develop a DSME training kit (EK-DIN), understand barriers to implementation, and evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of community leader (CL)-based rollout using a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial format.

Role of Pediatricians in Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding: A Position Paper of the International Pediatric Association Strategic Advisory Group on Infant, Child, and Adolescent Nutrition.

Background: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding is an important public health intervention with multiple benefits for both infants and mothers. Even modest increases in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding could significantly reduce healthcare costs and improve maternal and child health outcomes. However, widespread adoption of breastfeeding recommendations remains poor in most settings, which contributes to widening health and social inequalities.

Trapezoidal Wedge Osteotomy with Ligament Reconstruction for Chronic Instability following Failed ACLR.

We describe a case of a failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction that underwent revision surgery. Lachman, anterior drawer and valgus stress tests were all grade 3, indicating ACL and medial collateral ligament (MCL) insufficiency. Posterior tibial slope (PTS) was 18° and coronal alignment was 5° valgus.

Customization of WHO Under-five Growth Standards for an Appropriate Quantification of Public Health Burden of Growth Faltering in India.

Objective: To examine the accuracy of World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard in under-5 year Indian children, and identify a method to contextualize the WHO standard for India.

Participants: Data of Healthy children, defined by WHO selection criteria, extracted from nationally representative Indian surveys (National Family Health Surveys, NFHS-3, NFHS-4, NFHS-5 and Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, CNNS).

Design: Height for age z score (HAZ) and weight for age z score (WAZ) and weight for height z score (WHZ) distributions in healthy sample were compared against the standard normal.

Comparison of cardiovascular health profiles across population surveys from five high- to low-income countries.

Aims: With the greatest burden of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality increasingly observed in lower-income countries least prepared for this epidemic, focus is widening from risk factor management alone to primordial prevention to maintain high levels of cardiovascular health (CVH) across the life course. To facilitate this, the American Heart Association (AHA) developed CVH scoring guidelines to evaluate and track CVH. We aimed to compare the prevalence and trajectories of high CVH across the life course using nationally representative adult CVH data from five diverse high- to low-income countries.

Haemoglobin diagnostic cut-offs for anaemia in Indian women of reproductive age.

Background: The persistent high prevalence of anaemia among Indian women of reproductive age (WRA) despite aggressive long-term iron supplementation could be related to over-diagnosis from an inappropriately high haemoglobin (Hb) diagnostic cut-off. To develop an appropriate cut-off for Indian WRA, we hypothesized that during iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation to a mixed (anaemic/non-anaemic) WRA population, the positive slope of the Hb-plasma ferritin (PF) response in anaemic women would inflect into a plateau (zero-response) as a non-anaemic status is reached. The 2.

Erythrocyte fatty acids and desaturase indices in early pregnancy are associated with risk of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder that may be associated with inadequate maternal nutrition. Fatty acids are vital for placental and fetal growth. Fatty acid desaturases, key enzymes influencing the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids, are reported to be associated with cardiometabolic risk.

Echocardiography protocol and cardiometabolic phenotyping in Indian birth cohorts-the IndEcho study.

Background: Asian Indians are at higher risk of cardiometabolic disease compared to other ethnic groups, and the age of onset is typically younger. Cardiac structure and function are poorly characterized in this ethnic group. In this study, we describe image-acquisition methods and the reproducibility of measurements and detailed echocardiography characteristics in two large Indian population-based cohorts (the New Delhi and Vellore Birth Cohorts) from India.

Prevalence of Vitamin B and Folate Deficiencies in Indian Children and Adolescents.

Deficiencies of vitamin B (B) and folate (FA) are of particular interest due to their pleiotropic role in 1-carbon metabolism. In addition to adverse birth outcomes, deficiencies of B and FA, or an imbalance in FA/B status, are linked to metabolic disorders. Indian diets that are predominantly plant food-based could be deficient in these vitamins, but there are no national estimates of the prevalence of B and FA deficiency in Indian children and adolescents, nor their associations with age, sex and growth indicators.