Long-acting nifedipine in the management of essential hypertension: a review for cardiologists.

Calcium channel antagonists, specifically long-acting nifedipine formulations, play a crucial role in treating hypertension and angina. Originally used for angina, nifedipine has been widely employed as an antihypertensive medication for over 40 years. It offers rapid action and oral bioavailability with minimal maternal or fetal side effects, making it suitable for treating hypertensive crises during pregnancy.

Identifying Drug Prescription in Newly Diagnosed Hypertension Patients in India.

This study evaluated initial antihypertensive drug prescription patterns in Indian healthcare settings. An observational, cross-sectional, prospective prescription registry analyzed prescriptions for 4723 newly diagnosed hypertension patients. Additionally, it investigated the extent to which physicians adhered to either European or Indian hypertension guidelines.

Finger reconstruction with vascularized partial osteo-onycho-cutaneous great toe transfer: It's time to address the donor site.

Free vascularized partial great toe is a composite tissue consisting of the osteo-onycho-cutaneous component with neurovascular pedicle and is used for reconstructing amputated fingers at different levels. The half-big-toe nail flap represents that while it provides a good match and functional results; it also conserves the donor foot by having all five toes intact. The aesthetic and functional aspects of the amputated thumbs and fingers can be worked upon and significantly improved.

Reanalysis of Exome Sequencing Data in the Indian Undiagnosed Diseases Program: Improving Diagnostic Yield and Ending Diagnostic Odyssey.

In 2021, the Indian Undiagnosed Diseases Program was initiated for patients without a definite diagnosis despite extensive evaluation in four participating sites. Between February 2021 and March 2023, a total of 88 patients were recruited and underwent deep phenotyping. A uniform methodology for data re-analysis was implemented as the first step prior to conducting additional genomic testing.

Nurse-led Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Programs: Potential Solution to Shorten Postoperative Recovery.

Tyagi N. Nurse-led Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Programs: Potential Solution to Shorten Postoperative Recovery. Indian J Crit Care Med 2025;29(1):3-5.

Exosomes as nature's nano carriers: Promising drug delivery tools and targeted therapy for glioma.

Exosomes, minute vesicles originating from diverse cell types, exhibit considerable potential as carriers for drug delivery in glioma therapy. These naturally occurring nanocarriers facilitate the transfer of proteins, RNAs, and lipids between cells, offering advantages such as biocompatibility, efficient cellular absorption, and the capability to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the realm of cancer, particularly gliomas, exosomes play pivotal roles in modulating tumor growth, regulating immunity, and combating drug resistance.

Primary Retroperitoneal Seminoma-An Uncommon Presentation With Significant Implications.

Primary retroperitoneal seminoma is an exceedingly rare type of germ cell tumor, accounting for less than 5% of all such tumors. These tumors are typically large at presentation due to their slow growth and the nonspecific nature of symptoms, which often leads to delayed diagnosis. A 40-year-old male presented with intermittent abdominal pain and a palpable lump in the right paraumbilical region.

Catalogue of inherited autosomal recessive disorders found amongst the Roma population of Europe.

Background: The Roma population are an endogamous, genetically isolated, minority population who migrated from North-Western India to Europe from the 10th Century throughout the Byzantine period and continues to the present day. Approximately 10-12 million Romani people reside in segregated settlements in Europe, and smaller populations live in North America and China. In addition to the endogamy, they also practice consanguinity.

NELL-1 Associated Membranous Nephropathy - A Case Series from India.

Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 (NELL-1) is responsible for a substantial proportion of cases of PLA2R-negative primary membranous nephropathy (MN). To investigate the occurrence, association, and treatment responses, we carried out this ambispective study. In the study, nine (10%) of all patients with MN at our center were found to be NELL-1 positive.

An update on recombinant vaccines against leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by various species of the Leishmania parasite, manifesting in visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous (MCL) forms. To combat this debilitating disease, various vaccines candidates including proteins, DNA, vectors, adjuvants, and recombinant whole parasites have been developed and tested experimentally and preclinically against several Leishmania species. Some vaccines have already entered human clinical trials.

Dynamic gene expression pattern in zebrafish gallbladder: an experimental study.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the common biliary tract malignancies that is often associated with late presentation of clinical symptoms resulting in poor prognosis, thereby considerably increasing the mortality rate. Geographic and ethnic variations are one of the major causes of GBC incidence. However, in addition to genetic susceptibility to GBC, other factors like age, obesity, sex, and exposure to certain heavy chemicals may also lead to the incidence of GBC.

Identifying potential inhibitors against galectin-3-binding protein (LGALS3BP) for therapeutic targeting of glioma.

Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal types of Gliomas, and its treatment greatly depends on the stage of its detection. Galactin-3-binding protein (LGALS3BP) serves as a novel circulatory biomarker for detecting glioma at an early stage. This protein is also responsible for metastasis, proliferative signaling, angiogenesis, and immune system evasion in the case of brain tumors.

Comparative Efficacy of MRI and CT in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and accurate imaging is essential for effective diagnosis, management, and prognosis. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) in assessing TBI across various severities. Through a comprehensive search strategy, studies were selected that directly compared MRI and CT in TBI diagnosis, incorporating advanced MRI techniques such as susceptibility-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.

Sudden-onset gastrointestinal bleeding in a young adult: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of a Dieulafoy's lesion in the jejunum.

Background: A Dieulafoy's lesion in the jejunum is at an uncommon site but may be the cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. It is characterized by a large, tortuous submucosal artery that erodes the overlying epithelium and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its atypical location and presentation.

Case: A 30-year-old male presented with sudden onset syncope and the passage of 200-300 ml of red blood-mixed stool.

Chronicles from the Nest: A Case of Psittacosis in India.

Psittacosis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium , which is transmitted through contact with infected birds. It comprises approximately 1% of all community-acquired pneumonia cases. However, this can be just the tip of the iceberg pertaining to the lack of routine testing and awareness of this disease entity, thereby requiring a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis.

Sympathetic Overdrive and Role of Beta-blockers in Various Forms of Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from India.

In heart failure, sympathetic overdrive is evidenced by norepinephrine spillover, receptor level changes, etc. Beta-blockers continue to be the cornerstone of treatment in patients with chronic heart failure due to their ability to counteract sympathetic overdrive. Extensive clinical research has demonstrated that long-term beta-blocker treatment with metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol enhances left ventricular function and reverses left ventricular remodeling, decreases hospitalization risk, and increases survival.

SMARCA4 Deficient Gastric Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation in a Young Patient With Aggressive Clinical Course.

Inactivation of (BRG1), a subunit of SWI/SNF complex, has been reported in malignancies from various sites, including the thorax, uterus, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with aggressive clinical course. These tumors have been reported primarily in elderly patients and on histology demonstrate high-grade morphology, often with rhabdoid differentiation. SMARCA4 loss is exceedingly rare in primary gastric cancers.