Renal clearance of domoic acid in the rat.

The renal clearance (Clr) of the seafood toxin domoic acid (DA) was investigated in the rat. Following cannulation of the right femoral artery, the left femoral vein and the bladder of anaesthetized rats, a single bolus injection of either [3H]DA, [14C]p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) or [3H]inulin was administered through the venous cannula. Blood samples were taken from the arterial cannula at 1, 2, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 min following injection, and urine samples were collected at 20-min intervals starting from the time of bolus injection.

Undefined and Defined Bacterial Preparations for the Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella in Poultry - A Review.

During the past two decades, there have been many studies on the efficacy of competitive exclusion for the control of Salmonella in poultry. Undefined preparations of cultured fecal or cecal microflora generally reduce the prevalence of infected chicks upon challenge with a standard dose of Salmonella under laboratory conditions; in contrast, results under field conditions are more variable. The protective capacity of undefined cultures can be affected by several factors including the source of microflora, method for protective culture administration, presence of poultry feed additives, in-laboratory or natural environmental challenge, and hygienic practices on the farm.

Metabolism and disposition of phenazopyridine in rat.

1. The blood profile, tissue distribution, biliary and urinary excretion, and metabolism of 14C-phenazopyridine (PAP) was studied in male Wistar rats. 2.

Evaluation of enzymuria as an indicator of amikacin-induced renal damage in guinea pigs.

Guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously for 10 days with amikacin (AK) at a dose of 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg body wt. per day. The total daily dose was administered in either a single injection or divided equally and given as two daily injections.

Lithium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats following subcutaneous multiple injections and infusion using mini-osmotic pumps.

The nephrotoxicity of the anti-manic-depressive drug lithium (Li) is well recognized but the effects of fluctuation in plasma levels from different Li dosage regimens are not. Experiments were done to compare the nephrotoxicity of Li in rats treated either with subcutaneous multiple injections (SMI) or by infusion using mini-osmotic pumps (MOP) vs concurrent controls. A dose of 2 meq/kg/day of LiCl dissolved in saline was given for 8 consecutive days.

The effect of guanidine on the accumulation of amikacin in guinea pig renal cortical slices.

The role of a recently identified organic ion transport system in the accumulation of the aminoglycoside (AG), amikacin (AK) in the kidney was investigated in the present study. Because this transport system has been characterized as being a carrier for the organic cation, guanidine, the effect of guanidine on the uptake of AK into renal slices from guinea pig was examined. Renal slices incubated in medium containing AK concentrated the drug against a concentration gradient (i.

Thermal inactivation of Campylobacter species, Yersinia enterocolitica, and hemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fluid milk.

Heat treatment of raw milk in an HTST pasteurizer operated at 60.0 to 72.0 degrees C for a minimum holding time of 16.