Accuracy of freehand surgery, static and dynamic computer assisted surgery on zygomatic implant placement: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

Real-time surgical navigation systems (dynamic computer-aided surgery, d-CAIS) and static guided surgery (static computer-aided surgery, s-CAIS) have been shown to enhance the accuracy of zygomatic implant (ZI) placement. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the accuracy and risk of complications associated with d-CAIS and s-CAIS in ZI placement. A systematic review of published studies involving more than 4 patients was conducted to assess and compare the accuracy of d-CAIS and s-CAIS in zygomatic implant placement.

Invasive group A streptococcal infections as a consequence of coexisting or previous viral infection in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Background: Group A Streptococci (GAS) may cause infections of the pharynx and soft tissues and invasive infections in children (iGAS). A significant increase in severe iGAS infections has been reported in Europe since the fall of 2022.

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to analyse clinical data of children with invasive and non-invasive GAS infections in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, searching for predisposing factors to developing invasive infections.

MPO-ANCA-positive eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by alveolar hemorrhage treated with mepolizumab as an induction therapy: Case report.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vasculitis preceded by bronchial asthma or allergic sinusitis and accompanied by peripheral blood eosinophilia. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclophosphamide in addition to high-dose glucocorticoids, are recommended for induction of remission in patients with severe EGPA. Although mepolizumab is widely recognized as remission induction therapy in non-fatal/non-organ disabling or relapsed/refractory EGPA, its efficacy and safety in induction of remission for severe cases have been ambiguous.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) symptom verbal response scales: content validity testing for use in adults with CRSwNP.

Background: PRO measures of symptoms in clinical trials have historically utilized visual and numerical scales but verbal descriptors may make it easier for patients to clearly differentiate between response options. This study assessed content validity and meaningful change in five verbal response scales (VRSs) used to assess chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) symptom severity.

Methodology: This qualitative, semi-structured interview study recruited adults from the US, Germany, and China with confirmed moderate-to-severe CRSwNP.

"Ontogenetic Scaling of the Primate Middle Ear".

The study of primate auditory morphology is a significant area of interest for comparative anatomists, given the phylogenetic relationships that link primate hearing and the morphology of these auditory structures. Extensive literature addresses the form-to-function relationship of the auditory system (outer, middle, and inner ear) in primates and, by extension, provides insight into the auditory system of extinct primates and even modern humans. We add to this literature by describing the ontogenetic trajectory of the middle ear cavity and ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) due to their critical role in relaying auditory stimuli for interpretation.

Multiple primary brain abscesses in a 14 years old immunocompetent boy: A tale of Proteus mirabilis infestation from Pakistan.

Brain abscess (BA) formation that may be due to due to Gram-positive bacteria commonly and less commonly due Gram-negative bacteria affects pediatric population. Most cases are secondary to the involvement of ear, nose, throat and sinuses (ENTS). We describe a rare case of a 14 year old patient presenting with generalized tonic clonic seizures for the last six months associated with fever, vomiting and headache.

Case report: Multiphenotypic cervical cancer resembling human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a biphasic epithelial tumor associated with HPV infection. This rare tumor primarily affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, with only two cases reported outside these locations to date-one in the breast and one in the vulva. This report presents a case of a tumor resembling an HMSC arising in the cervix.

An evaluation of sugemalimab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL) is a rare and aggressive subtype arising from natural killer or cytotoxic T-cells, predominantly affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, lacking a standardized therapeutic approach. Sugemalimab, a fully human, full-length anti-PD-L1 immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody (mAb), has been investigated in a Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase II Study (GEMSTONE-201). The results demonstrated significant efficacy, favorable tolerability, and manageable adverse reactions of sugemalimab in R/R ENKTL.

Impact of FESS on symptomatology and quality of life of patients with CRSsNP.

Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has an impact on health related quality of life (HRQOL). The objective of this study was to examine generic and disease specific HRQOL and symptoms in CRS patients before and 6 months after sinus surgery.

Methods: This prospective, observational study consisted of 30 patients with chronic sinusitis.

Maxillary sinus volume changes in individuals with different craniofacial skeletal patterns: CBCT study.

Background: The maxillary sinus, which is crucial for craniofacial growth, is the largest and earliest sinus to develop among the paranasal sinuses. Our study aimed to evaluate the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in individuals with different sagittal skeletal patterns via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 106 retrospectively selected patients (62 females and 42 males) were included.

Evaluating academic detailing as an antibiotic stewardship intervention in primary healthcare settings in Croatia.

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections are common in primary healthcare care settings and frequently result in antibiotic prescriptions, despite being primarily viral. There is scarcity of research examining impact of academic detailing (AD) intervention on prescribing practices for these infections in resource-constrained healthcare settings like southeastern Europe. Therefore aim of this study was to evaluate impact of AD intervention as an antimicrobial stewardship measure on antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in primary setting in Croatia which is located in southeastern Europe.

Dematiaceous Molds.

Dematiaceous molds are darkly pigmented environmental molds found worldwide, especially prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Common genera include Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Exophiala, and Alternaria. They cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, presenting as cutaneous infections, allergic sinusitis, pneumonia, and, rarely, disseminated infections.

Reprogramming Macrophage Phenotypes with Photobiomodulation for Enhanced Inflammation Control in ENT Organ Tissues.

Photobiomodulation (PBM), a noninvasive phototherapy using wavelengths ranging between red and near-infrared light, has emerged as a promising approach for controlling inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of PBM in treating ear, neck, and throat (ENT)-specific inflammatory conditions, such as chronic rhinosinusitis and otitis media, focusing on its effects on macrophage phenotypes and evidence from preclinical studies. By promoting mitochondrial activity, increasing ATP production, and modulating reactive oxygen species, PBM has been shown to shift macrophages from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Expression of Major Basic Protein and Endothelial Adhesion Molecules in Chronically Inflamed Mucosa of the Ethmoid Labyrinth.

Background/objectives: Tissue remodeling, including dense eosinophil infiltration, is essential for forming inflammatory nasal polyps (NPs) and the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Toxic eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) damages the sinus mucosa epithelium and lamina propria, which initiates reparative processes leading to tissue remodeling. MBP specifically binds to BMK-13 antibodies allowing immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue staining for eosinophils.

Anomalous left coronary artery origin from the nonfacing sinus of pulmonary artery - Successful repair of a rare entity.

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital heart disease, presenting either in isolation or with other cardiac anomalies. The most common presentation is congestive heart failure in infancy, though some may remain asymptomatic till adulthood. A 5-month-old infant with congestive heart failure was diagnosed to have ALCAPA with severe Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.

Analysis of factors affecting diagnosis of unilateral isolated fungal sphenoid sinusitis.

Background: To analyze the characteristics and factors influencing the diagnosis of unilateral isolated fungal sphenoid sinusitis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent surgery for unilateral isolated sphenoid sinusitis between June 2020 and May 2023. Data collected included variables such as gender, age, side of the specimen, symptoms, sinus computed tomography findings, pathological results, and complications.

Definition of sinonasal and otological exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus.

Background: Recurrent infections of the nose, sinuses and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia. While pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia are defined, there is no definition for ear-nose-throat exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.

Methods: We set up an expert panel of 24 ear-nose-throat specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otological exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia for research settings.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia as a rare cause of male infertility: case report and literature overview.

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a heterogenous disease caused by mutations of miscellaneous genes which physiologically play an important role in proper structure and/or function of various cellular cilia including sperm flagella. Besides male infertility, the typical phenotypes, based on decreased mucociliary clearance, are lifelong respiratory issues, i.e.

Minimally invasive balloon-assisted sinus floor elevation vs. conventional transcrestal procedure in terms of new bone formation in a split-mouth Goettingen minipig model.

Purpose: Currently, maxillary sinus floor (SF) elevation is based on off-the-shelf allogeneic, xenogeneic or synthetic bone augmentation materials (BAM) that are implanted via an open lateral sinus wall approach (OSFE). However, this invasive method is associated with postoperative complications caused by an inadequate blood supply of the alveolar ridge. Balloon-assisted procedures are minimal invasive alternatives with lower complication rates.

Angioarchitecture and Endovascular Therapy of Infantile Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas.

Infantile dural arteriovenous fistula (IDAVF) is a rare complex dural arteriovenous fistulas. This study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the angioarchitecture of arteriovenous shunts in IDAVFs and planning endovascular treatment. Five cases of IDAVF and a literature review were analyzed to characterize the shunt patterns of IDAVFs in terms of anatomic relations to the arterial feeder, sinuses, and cortical veins.

Native Valve and Native Neo-Sinus Remodeling Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pushes aside the diseased native aortic valve and creates a native neo-sinus bordered by the aortic root wall and the displaced native valve. There are limited data on the progression of native valve disease post-TAVR and no previous analysis of the native neo-sinus.

Methods: Native aortic valves and native neo-sinus explants obtained post-TAVR were evaluated histologically (hematoxylin and eosin, Movat pentachrome, and Martius Scarlet Blue stains) and by immunohistochemistry (TGF-β1 [transforming growth factor-beta 1], FAP [fibroblast activation protein], and ALP [alkaline phosphatase]) to assess disease mechanisms.

Heights of maxillary sinus and piriform aperture are valuable in sex prediction: a cone beam computed tomography study.

Purpose: This study utilized cone-beam computed tomography images to assess the potential of maxillary sinus (MS) and piriform aperture (PA) measurements in sex prediction and to identify possible correlations between these structures and the MS ostium.

Methods: A total of 204 images were selected and divided into two groups: 102 for constructing and testing the formula, and 102 for validation. In each subgroup, the images were equally divided for 11 measurements by two examiners in the MS (height, width, length, and total width), PA (height and width), and maxillary ostium diameter.

The pneumococcal bacteriocin streptococcin B is produced as part of the early competence cascade and promotes intraspecies competition.

Unlabelled: is an important human pathogen that normally resides in the human nasopharynx. Competence-mediated bacteriocin expression by plays a major role in both the establishment and persistence of colonization on this polymicrobial surface. Over 20 distinct bacteriocin loci have been identified in pneumococcal genomes, but only a small number have been characterized phenotypically.

Radiomics of the Paranasal Sinuses: A Systematic Review of Computer-Assisted Techniques to Assess Computed Tomography Radiological Data.

Background: Radiomics is a quantitative approach to medical imaging, aimed to extract features into large datasets. By using artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, large radiomic data can be analysed and translated into meaningful clinical applications. In rhinology, there is heavy reliance on computed tomography (CT) imaging of the paranasal sinus for diagnostics and assessment of treatment outcomes.