Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related psychomotor activity and altered neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: Findings from an "endophenotype" approach.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies later in life. The severity of the ADHD phenotype may play a significant role in this association. There is no indication that any of the existing animal models can unify these disorders.

Green Extraction of Bioactives from Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Unlocking Antioxidative, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, and Skin Depigmentation Potentials.

This study evaluates the efficiency of 20 Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) formulations for extracting curcuminoids and other bioactive compounds from turmeric and emphasize their ability to preserve and enhance antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and skin depigmentation effects. The NADES formulations, prepared using choline chloride (ChCl) combined with sugars, carboxylic acids, glycerol, amino acids, urea, polyols, and betaine, were assessed for their extraction efficiency based on the total phenolic content and curcumin concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the synthesized NADES and confirm their chemical composition.

Structure and Functional Characteristics of Novel Polyurethane/Ferrite Nanocomposites with Antioxidant Properties and Improved Biocompatibility for Vascular Graft Development.

Novel ferrite/polyurethane nanocomposites were synthesized using the in situ polymerization method after the addition of different spinel nanoferrite particles (copper, zinc, and copper-zinc) and examined as potential coatings for medical devices and implants in vascular tissue engineering. The influence of the nanoferrite type on the structure and functional characteristics of the polyurethane composites was investigated by FTIR, SWAXS, AFM, TGA, DSC, nanoindentation, swelling behavior, water contact angle, and water absorption measurements. Biocompatibility was evaluated by examining the cytotoxicity and adhesion of human endothelial cells and fibroblasts onto prepared composites and performing a protein adsorption test.

Origin and Genealogy of Rare mtDNA Haplotypes Detected in the Serbian Population.

: The Balkan Peninsula has served as an important migration corridor between Asia Minor and Europe throughout humankind's history and a refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum. Past migrations such as the Neolithic expansion, Bronze Age migrations, and the settlement of Slavic tribes in the Early Middle Ages, are well known for their impact on shaping the genetic pool of contemporary Balkan populations. They have contributed to the high genetic diversity of the region, especially in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages.

Authenticity and Bioactive Markers Search in the Phenolic-Rich Extracts of Asteraceae Medicinal Plants Through Integrative Computational Chemometrics.

The Asteraceae family has been of significant concern for ethnobotanical studies, thanks to its health-promoting properties linked to a plethora of bioactive compounds, among which phenolic compounds play a critical role. In this work, a workflow based on computational chemometrics was employed to assess the authenticity and biomarker search of five key Asteraceae species commonly employed in traditional medicine. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS-MS phenolic profile of Asteraceae extracts was combined with the evaluation of several in vitro biological properties.

Trichinella spiralis extracellular vesicles induce anti-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses in vitro.

The helminth Trichinella spiralis, through its excretory-secretory (ES L1) products, induces immune regulatory mechanisms that modulate the host's immune response not only to itself, but also to bystander antigens, foreign or self in origin, which can result in the alleviation of inflammatory diseases. Under the influence of ES L1, dendritic cells (DCs) acquire a tolerogenic phenotype and the capacity to induce Th2 and regulatory responses. Since ES L1 products represent a complex mixture of proteins and extracellular vesicles (TsEVs) the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TsEVs, isolated from ES L1 products, on phenotypic and functional characteristics of DCs and to elucidate whether TsEVs could reproduce the immunomodulatory effects of the complete ES L1 product.

Ergothioneine improves healthspan of aged animals by enhancing cGPDH activity through CSE-dependent persulfidation.

Ergothioneine (ET), a dietary thione/thiol, is receiving growing attention for its possible benefits in healthy aging and metabolic resilience. Our study investigates ET's effects on healthspan in aged animals, revealing lifespan extension and enhanced mobility in Caenorhabditis elegans, accompanied by improved stress resistance and reduced age-associated biomarkers. In aged rats, ET administration enhances exercise endurance, muscle mass, and vascularization, concomitant with higher NAD levels in muscle.

Structure and hormonal output of the adrenal gland after experimental estrogenization of male rats.

Orchidectomy and estrogenization of the male represent a procedure that is applicable in sex reassignment or in prostate cancer therapy. This approach has an influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and thus affects cardiovascular function and metabolism. We utilized orchidectomized rats to evaluate the effects of estradiol on the structure and hormonal output of the adrenal gland.

The edaphic factor and orchids: Gymnadenia conopsea from contrasting geologies in the Central Balkans.

Two different strategies for the distribution of macro- and trace elements can be observed in the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Most trace elements are not translocated to the above-ground parts, whereas for macro-elements the trend was reversed, with the highest accumulation in the distal parts of the plants. Edaphic stress is one of the main factors affecting plant fitness, but it is still poorly understood, even in rare plants such as orchids.

Insights into bioactivity guided chemical profiling of Mill. fruits wild-growing in Montenegro.

Jujube ( Mill.) is a highly abundant wild-growing plant in Montenegro. It has been utilized since old times for various bioactive properties by the natives, however its detailed chemical characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential have not been extensively explored.

Integration of In Vitro and In Silico Results From Chemical and Biological Assays of and Flower Extracts.

In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of (RT) and (COF) extracts with varying polarities using LC-MS chemical profiling and biological tests (antioxidant, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic effects). The highest level of total phenolic content in the ethanol extract of RT with 75.82 mg GAE/g, followed by the infusions of RT (65.

Novel Natural Candidates for Replacing Synthetic Additives in Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Areas: Two Species ( (L.) Roxb. and (L.) Link).

(L.) Roxb. and (L.

Goat's Milk Powder Enriched with Red ( L.) and Black ( Murray) Goji Berry Extracts: Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Properties, and Prebiotic Activity.

The current trend in food innovations includes developing products containing plant ingredients or extracts rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to prepare and characterize skimmed thermally treated goat's milk powders enriched with lyophilized fruit extracts of Murray (GMLR) and L. (GMLB).

Platinum(II/IV) complexes with -substituted carboxylate ethylenediamine/propylenediamine ligands: preparation, characterization and activity.

The synthesis and characterization of novel platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes derived from unsymmetrical ethylene or propylenediamine derivatives are presented. IR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry techniques were employed to characterize the complexes, revealing distinctive absorption bands and isotope patterns. Furthermore, the complexes were characterized by H and C NMR spectroscopy.

Organic Moiety on Sn(IV) Does Matter for In Vitro Mode of Action: BuSn(IV) Compounds with Carboxylato -Functionalized 2-Quinolones Induce Anoikis-like Cell Death in A375 Cells.

New tributyltin(IV) complexes containing the carboxylate ligands 3-(4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)propanoic acid () and 2-(4-methyl-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)acetic acid () have been synthesized. Their structures have been determined by elemental microanalysis, FT-IR and multinuclear NMR (H, C and Sn) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study. A solution state NMR analysis reveals a four-coordinated tributyltin(IV) complex in non-polar solvents, while an X-Ray crystallographic analysis confirms a five-coordinated trigonal-bipyramidal geometry around the tin atom due to the formation of 1D chains.

Aliens Among Us: Sensitivity of the Invasive Alien Fish Black Bullhead as a Bioindicator of Pollution and Its Safety for Human Consumption.

This study aims to evaluate the black bullhead , an invasive alien fish (IAF) in Serbia, as a bioindicator organism and assess the safety of natural and aquaculture specimens for human consumption. A set of biomarkers was analysed to assess the bioindicator potential at a site exposed to agricultural activities. The genotoxic response was determined by an alkaline comet assay and micronucleus assay in fish erythrocytes, and the metal pollution index (MPI) was calculated to assess the toxic element burden on fish.

Effect of Homologous and Heterologous Booster in COVID-19 Vaccination.

COVID-19 became a global health crisis in early 2020, and the way out of the crisis was the rapid development of vaccines by Sinopharm, Pfizer, and Sputnik, among others, which played a crucial role in controlling the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term immune response by measuring the levels of anti-S1 IgG antibodies induced by homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens. We investigated the titer of the anti-S1 IgG antibody produced for the viral surface antigen 3, 6 months after the second dose, before the third dose, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the third dose.

Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis Revealed : A Potential New Marker for Somatic Embryogenesis in Common Centaury ( Rafn.).

Rafn. is a medicinal plant used as a model for studying plant developmental processes due to its developmental plasticity and ease of manipulation in vitro. Identifying the genes involved in its organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the first step toward unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying its morphogenic plasticity.

Glutathione Involvement in Potato Response to French Marigold Volatile Organic Compounds.

To elucidate the involvement of glutathione in the mitigation of induced oxidative changes and the sequestration of perceived volatiles in cells, we exposed potato plants to French marigold essential oil. The formation of short-lived radicals, the determination of scavenging activity towards ascorbyl and DPPH radicals, and the assessment of the potato plants' overall intra/extracellular reduction status were performed using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The results showed the presence of hydroxyl radicals in potatoes, with significantly reduced accumulation in exposed plants compared to the control group after 8 h.

Comparing Preferred Temperatures and Evaporative Water Loss Rates in Two Syntopic Populations of Lacertid Lizard Species.

Many reptiles actively regulate their body temperature. During thermoregulation, they suffer evaporative water loss (EWL). Since evaporation increases with temperature, EWL could limit the activity of ectotherms when water is not available.

Toward the Development of the Trojan Female Technique in Pest Insects: Male-Specific Influence of Mitochondrial Haplotype on Reproductive Output in the Seed Beetle .

Biocontrol techniques that impair reproductive capacity of insect pests provide opportunities to control the dynamics of their populations while minimizing collateral damage to non-target species and the environment. The Trojan Female Technique, or TFT, is a method of the trans-generational fertility-based population control through the release of females that carry mitochondrial DNA mutations that negatively affect male, but not female, reproductive output. TFT is based on the evolutionary hypothesis that, due to maternal inheritance of mitochondria, mutations which are beneficial or neutral in females but harmful in males can accumulate in the mitochondrial genome without selection acting against them.

Evaluating frailty scores across experimental groups in rodent models: bridging physical and cognitive domains.

Frailty, a reversible clinical geriatric syndrome, impairs the ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to severe consequences such as hospitalization and death. Cognitive frailty, characterized by the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Preclinical models, especially rodent studies, are essential for understanding frailty and developing interventions to mitigate associated conditions.