Evaluating the outcome of screening for glaucoma using colour fundus photography-based referral criteria in a teleophthalmology screening programme for diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of glaucoma screening using glaucoma suspect (GS) referral criteria assessed on colour fundus photographs in Singapore's Integrated Diabetic Retinopathy Programme (SiDRP).

Methods: A case-control study. This study included diabetic subjects who were referred from SiDRP with and without GS between January 2017 and December 2018 and reviewed at Singapore National Eye Centre.

Prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections.

Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and causes of vision loss in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in 2015, compared with prior years, and to estimate expected values for 2020.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of blindness (presenting distance visual acuity <3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting distance visual acuity <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (MVI; presenting distance visual acuity <6/12 and ≥6/18), and also near vision impairment ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Retinal Oximetry in Subjects With Glaucomatous Hemifield Asymmetry.

Purpose: Although some studies suggest a strong link between retinal vessel oxygenation and damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) seen in glaucoma, it has yet to be conclusively proven. This study compares intraocular retinal oximetry in glaucomatous eyes displaying asymmetrically affected hemifields across different subgroups of glaucoma, namely primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 99 patients (PACG, n=28; POAG, n=37; NTG, n=34) underwent retinal oxygenation and vessel caliber measurements using the Oxymap T1 Retinal Oximeter, Cirrus optical coherence tomography, and Humphrey visual field testing.

Combined Approach to Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy Results in Less Ideal Refractive Outcomes Compared With the Sequential Approach.

Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes of combined versus sequential trabeculectomy and then phacoemulsification.

Methods: We compared eyes that underwent uncomplicated combined phacotrabeculectomy (combined group, 87 eyes), phacoemulsification at least 3 months after trabeculectomy (sequential group, 56 eyes), and phacoemulsification only (control group, 78 eyes) between January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2014. The main outcome measure was refractive prediction error (RPE)-defined as postoperative subjective spherical equivalent refraction minus predicted spherical equivalent refraction.

Development of Selective Lamellar Keratoplasty within an Asian Corneal Transplant Program: The Singapore Corneal Transplant Study (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) and endothelial keratoplasty (EK) within the Singapore Corneal Transplant Study (SCTS), with the hypothesis that both ALK and EK are able to provide equivalent or improved clinical outcomes, compared to penetrating keratoplasty (PK), and to determine changing trends globally with other international databases.

Methods: Clinical data on all transplants performed was derived from our SCTS database, a prospective national keratoplasty registry, and clinical outcomes (graft survival, endothelial cell loss, complications, visual acuity) were compared between PK, ALK, and EK. Global trends on indications and forms of keratoplasty performed in 2011/2012 were obtained from national keratoplasty or eye banking registries, corneal/ophthalmological societies, national eye banks, and national ophthalmic institutions.

A Survey on the Preference of Sustained Glaucoma Drug Delivery Systems by Singaporean Chinese Patients: A Comparison Between Subconjunctival, Intracameral, and Punctal Plug Routes.

Purpose: To investigate the acceptance and preferences rates of 3 sustained drug delivery systems in glaucoma patients.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 250 Chinese patients recruited from outpatient glaucoma clinics in Singapore using an interviewer-administered survey. Beliefs toward medicines, eye drops, illness perception, medication adherence, and health literacy were assessed using validated questionnaires.

Qualitative evaluation of the iris and ciliary body by ultrasound biomicroscopy in subjects with angle closure.

Purpose: To qualitatively analyze anterior chamber structures imaged by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in primary angle-closure patients.

Methods: Subjects diagnosed as primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and previous acute primary angle closure (APAC) were recruited prospectively along with a group of normal controls. UBM was performed under standardized dark room conditions and qualitative assessment was carried out using a set of reference photographs of standard UBM images to categorize the various anatomic features related to angle configuration.

Beliefs and adherence to glaucoma treatment: a comparison of patients from diverse cultures.

Purpose: To determine adherence rates and beliefs about glaucoma and its treatment in white Americans, African Americans, white Australians, and Singaporeans of Chinese descent.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional study of 475 glaucoma patients using topical eye drops for at least 6 months. The sample consisted of white Americans (n=133), African Americans (n=58), white Australians (n=107), and Singaporeans of Chinese descent (n=117).

Clinical characterization of young chinese myopes with optic nerve and visual field changes resembling glaucoma.

Purpose: To clinically characterize young Chinese myopic patients with optic disc changes suggestive of glaucoma.

Methods: In this prospective study, patients ≤50 years of age who had myopia and suspected glaucomatous optic neuropathy (group A) were compared with established glaucoma patients (group B) and normals (group C). Risk factors such as family history of glaucoma and history of vasospasm and ischemic risk factors were compared.

Determinants of corneal biomechanical properties in an adult Chinese population.

Purpose: To investigate variations in corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) and their ocular and systemic associations in Chinese adults.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: We included 1136 subjects of Chinese origin from an ongoing population-based study.

Angle closure glaucoma: a mechanistic review.

Purpose Of Review: With recent advances in imaging techniques such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy, there is a better understanding of nonpupil block mechanisms and novel risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of angle closure glaucoma.

Recent Findings: Recent studies suggest that multiple anatomical and physiological factors interplay in the pathogenesis of angle closure glaucoma. The association of greater iris convexity, area and thickness with narrow angles could result in a more anterior bowing and crowding of the peripheral iris.

Demonstration of angle widening using EyeCam after laser peripheral iridotomy in eyes with angle closure.

Purpose: To evaluate EyeCam in detecting changes in angle configuration after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in comparison to gonioscopy, the reference standard.

Design: Prospective comparative study.

Methods: Twenty-four subjects (24 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) were recruited.

Central corneal thickness and its associations with ocular and systemic factors: the Singapore Malay Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine the association between central corneal thickness (CCT) and potential systemic and ocular factors affecting CCT in an Asian population.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 3,280 (78.

Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and central corneal thickness: the Singapore Malay Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine the relationship of diabetes and hyperglycemia with central corneal thickness (CCT) in Malay adults in Singapore.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: Three thousand two hundred eighty Malay adults ages 40-80 years living in Singapore.

Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness variations with myopia.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and myopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: One hundred thirty-two young males with myopia (spherical equivalent [SE], -0.