Engineering Atom-Scale Cascade Catalysis via Multi-Active Site Collaboration for Ampere-Level CO Electroreduction to C Products.

Electrochemical reduction of CO to value-added multicarbon (C) productions offers an attractive route for renewable energy storage and CO utilization, but it remains challenging to achieve high C selectivity at industrial-level current density. Herein, a MoCu single-atom alloy (SAA) catalyst is reported that displays a remarkable C Faradaic efficiency of 86.4% under 0.

Super-photostable organic dye for long-term live-cell single-protein imaging.

Organic dyes play a crucial role in live-cell imaging because of their advantageous properties, such as photostability and high brightness. Here we introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555), which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure in which, on one side, the indole in the conventional Cyanine-3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline.

Causality-driven candidate identification for reliable DNA methylation biomarker discovery.

Despite vast data support in DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarker discovery to facilitate health-care research, this field faces huge resource barriers due to preliminary unreliable candidates and the consequent compensations using expensive experiments. The underlying challenges lie in the confounding factors, especially measurement noise and individual characteristics. To achieve reliable identification of a candidate pool for DNAm biomarker discovery, we propose a Causality-driven Deep Regularization framework to reinforce correlations that are suggestive of causality with disease.

Additive Effects of Natural Plant Extracts/Essential Oils and Probiotics as an Antipathogenic Topical Skin Patch Solution for Acne and Eczema.

This work leverages the additive antipathogenic effects of natural extracts/essential oils (EOs) and probiotics for the treatment of acne vulgaris associated with () and eczema complicated by secondary infections with (). Six probiotic strains and various extracts/EOs were evaluated in a large screening to evaluate their potential against both pathogens. PCB003 was able to inhibit the growth of both pathogens.

Associations between potential risk factors and blood-brain barrier water permeability in middle-aged and older adults.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is suggested to be a potential mediator between vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment, leading to vascular cognitive impairment. To investigate the relationships between age, sex, and vascular risk factors and BBB water permeability as well as their relationship with cognition. To measure BBB permeability, a novel arterial spin labelling MRI technique (ME-ASL) was applied to derive the time of exchange (Tex), arterial time transit (ATT), and cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Initial Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate With Finerenone in HFmrEF/HFpEF: A Prespecified Analysis of FINEARTS-HF.

Background: An initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) often leads to reluctance to continue life-saving therapies in patients with heart failure (HF).

Objectives: The goal of this study was to describe the association between initial decline in eGFR and subsequent clinical outcomes in patients randomized to placebo or finerenone.

Methods: In this prespecified analysis of FINEARTS-HF (Finerenone Trial to Investigate Efficacy and Safety Superior to Placebo in Patients with Heart Failure), we examined the association between initial decline in eGFR (≥15%) from randomization to 1 month and subsequent outcomes in patients assigned to finerenone or placebo.

Can large language models fully automate or partially assist paper selection in systematic reviews?

Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

Association between patient perception of disease status and different components of the Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) criteria in psoriatic arthritis.

Objective: The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between the criteria met of the Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) score for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and patient-perceived disease status.

Methods: We analysed data from the ReFlaP study (NCT03119805), a cross-sectional international study of adult patients with PsA. Patients self-reported if they felt their PsA was in remission (REM), low disease activity (LDA) or neither.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the association between neoadjuvant therapy and overall survival (OS) in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) compared to upfront surgery.

Background: Left-sided pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to right-sided pancreatic cancer. Although neoadjuvant therapy is currently seen as not effective in patients with RPC, current randomized trials included mostly patients with right-sided RPC.

Heterogeneous entity representation for medicinal synergy prediction.

Motivation: Forecasting the synergistic effects of drug combinations facilitates drug discovery and development, especially regarding cancer therapeutics. While numerous computational methods have emerged, most of them fall short in fully modeling the relationships among clinical entities including drugs, cell lines, and diseases, which hampers their ability to generalize to drug combinations involving unseen drugs. These relationships are complex and multidimensional, requiring sophisticated modeling to capture nuanced interplay that can significantly influence therapeutic efficacy.

Adaptations of neutrophils in cancer.

There is a renewed interest in neutrophil biology, largely instigated by their prominence in cancer. From an immunologist's perspective, a conceptual breakthrough is the realization that prototypical inflammatory, cytotoxic leukocytes can be tamed to promote the survival and growth of other cells. This has sparked interest in defining the biological principles and molecular mechanisms driving the adaptation of neutrophils to cancer.

Nanoplastic-induced antibody liquid-liquid phase separation: Insights into potential immunotoxic implications.

The increasing environmental prevalence of micro/nano plastics (MNPs) has raised significant concerns regarding their potential impact on human health, particularly in terms of immunotoxicity. However, the direct effects of MNPs on immune molecules, especially how they may influence protein liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-a critical process implicated in various aspects of immune function-remain largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) with different surface modifications and sizes on LLPS in immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies, critical components of the avian immune system.

Enhancing catalytic activity in MoC nanodots via nitrogen doping and graphene integration for efficient hydrogen evolution under alkaline conditions.

Due to its exceptional electronic properties and catalytic activity, MoC has garnered significant attention for its application in electrocatalysis, particularly for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, several critical challenges continue to impede its widespread use, especially under strongly alkaline conditions. A primary obstacle is the enhancement of its intrinsic activity through further modification strategies, which remains a key limitation for its broader utilization.

Validation of the 9th edition of the TNM staging system for limited-stage small cell lung cancer after Resection: A multicenter study.

Objectives: The 9th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system for lung cancer was proposed at the 2023 World Conference on Lung Cancer in Singapore. This study aimed to externally validate and compare the latest staging of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: Four hundred and eight patients with limited-stage SCLC were collected after lung resection from four centers.

Current Concepts of the Management of Painful Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Neuromas.

Painful neuromas are a complex clinical condition that results in notable disability and functional impairment after injury to a peripheral nerve. When regenerating axons lack a distal target, they form a stump neuroma. Up to 60% of neuromas are painful because of mechanical sensitivity and crosstalk between nerve fibers.

Metallic Electro-optic Effect in Gapped Bilayer Graphene.

Electro-optic (EO) modulation is a critical device action in photonics. Recently, the non-Drude dynamics induced by the Berry curvature dipole (BCD) in metals have attracted attention as a potential candidate for terahertz EO modulation. However, such BCD-induced EO effects can be challenging to realize, often requiring flat bands and complex materials such as a strained magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride.

Enhancing Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution by Regulating H and OH Binding Strength through Strong Metal-Support Interactions.

Establishing optimized metal-support interaction (MSI) between active sites and the substrate is essential for modulating the adsorption properties of key reaction intermediates during catalysis, thereby enhancing the catalytic performance. In this study, catalyst composites with varying degrees of MSI are constructed using ruthenium (Ru) and different carbon nanotubes, and their performance for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is systematically investigated. Detailed kinetic assessments reveal that catalysts with a strong MSI exhibit superior HER activity.

Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients with ASPECTS 4-5 vs. 6-7: a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) efficacy in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke, particularly in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), remains less explored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 443 AIS patients treated with MT for MeVO and low ASPECTS (4-7) at 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe, from September 2017 to July 2021. Patients were categorized into ASPECTS of 4-5 and 6-7.

Aptamer-Driven Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Rapid Inactivation of .

() is a prominent pathogen responsible for intestinal infections, primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water. This underscores the critical need for precise and biocompatible technologies enabling early detection and intervention of bacterial colonization . Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform (IR808-Au@ZIF-90-Apt) was designed, utilizing an -specific aptamer to initiate cascade responses triggered by intracellular ATP and GSH.

Simultaneous Toughening and Strengthening of Ductile Polymer by Rigid Polymeric Fillers: The Role of Interfacial Entanglement.

The modification of thermoplastic polymers is frequently impeded by the inherent contradiction between their toughness and strength. In this study, an effective strategy to significantly improve the mechanical properties of ductile polymers by simply adding a complimentary rigid polymer is introduced. This work uses a semi-crystalline polymer aliphatic polyketone (POK) as the matrix material and a small quantity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the rigid polymer, through establishing molecular chain entanglements at the interface to produce POK/PMMA blends with exceptional mechanical property.

Interfacial Water Orientation in Neutral Oxygen Catalysis for Reversible Ampere-scale Zinc-air Batteries.

The neutral oxygen catalysis is an electrochemical reaction of the utmost importance in energy generation, storage application, and chemical synthesis. However, the restricted availability of protons poses a challenge to achieving kinetically favorable oxygen catalytic reactions. Here, we alter the interfacial water orientation by adjusting the Brønsted acidity at the catalyst surface, to break the proton transfer limitation of neutral oxygen electrocatalysis.