Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Randomised controlled trials of dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an updated meta-analysis.

Introduction: We explored the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for individuals diagnosed with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), incorporating the latest insights from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The emerging evidence surrounding DAPT in stroke and TIA plays a pivotal role in guiding clinical decisions.

Methods: Our study included five RCTs (INSPIRES, THALES, POINT, CHANCE, FASTER) on DAPT (aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitor) initiated within 72 hours of acute stroke or TIA, which evaluated DAPT efficacy and safety over 21-90 days, focusing on new strokes and major bleeding.

Impact of number of passes and futile reperfusion in basilar artery occlusion acute ischaemic stroke.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. A vital modifiable factor is successful reperfusion. While multiple passes improve the rates of successful reperfusion, previous studies have reported progressively diminishing returns.

Sex-specific mechanisms in vascular aging: exploring cellular and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Aging remains the foremost risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, surpassing traditional factors in epidemiological significance. This review elucidates the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging, with an emphasis on sex differences that influence disease progression and clinical outcomes in older adults. We discuss the convergence of aging processes at the macro- and microvascular levels and their contributions to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases.

A modeling study to define guidelines for antigen screening in schools and workplaces to mitigate COVID-19 outbreaks.

Background: In-person interaction offers invaluable benefits to people. To guarantee safe in-person activities during a COVID-19 outbreak, effective identification of infectious individuals is essential. In this study, we aim to analyze the impact of screening with antigen tests in schools and workplaces on identifying COVID-19 infections.

A risk-based approach can guide safe cell line development and cell banking for scaled-up cultivated meat production.

For commercial viability, cultivated meats require scientifically informed approaches to identify and manage hazards and risks. Here we discuss food safety in the rapidly developing field of cultivated meat as it shifts from lab-based to commercial scales. We focus on what science-informed risk mitigation processes can be implemented from neighbouring fields.

Determining optimum assembly zone for modular reconfigurable robots using multi-objective genetic algorithm.

Reconfigurable modular robots can be used in application domains such as exploration, logistics, and outer space. The robots should be able to assemble and work as a single entity to perform a task that requires high throughput. Selecting an optimum assembly position with minimum distance traveled by robots in an obstacle surrounding the environment is challenging.

Effects of RARα ligand binding domain mutations on breast fibroepithelial tumor function and signaling.

Point mutations in the ligand binding domain of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) are linked to breast fibroepithelial tumor development, but their role in solid tumorigenesis is unclear. In this study, we assessed the functional effects of known RARα mutations on retinoic acid signaling using biochemical and cellular assays. All tested mutants exhibited reduced transcriptional activity compared to wild-type RARα and showed a dominant negative effect, a feature associated with developmental defects and tumor formation.

Unconventional hexagonal open Prussian blue analog structures.

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), as a classical kind of microporous materials, have attracted substantial interests considering their well-defined framework structures, unique physicochemical properties and low cost. However, PBAs typically adopt cubic structure that features small pore size and low specific surface area, which greatly limits their practical applications in various fields ranging from gas adsorption/separation to energy conversion/storage and biomedical treatments. Here we report the facile and general synthesis of unconventional hexagonal open PBA structures.

Reliability of the OMERACT Giant cell arteritis Ultrasonography Score (OGUS): results of a patient-based exercise involving experts and non-experts in vascular ultrasonography.

Objective: To test the reliability of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Giant cell arteritis (GCA) Ultrasonography Score (OGUS) and other composite scores in a patient-based exercise involving experts and non-experts in vascular ultrasonography.

Methods: Six GCA patients were scanned twice (two rounds separated ≥3 hours) by 12 experts and 12 non-experts. Non-experts received 90 min of theoretical and 240 min of practical training between rounds 1 and 2.

The Effectiveness of Video Animations as a Tool to Improve Health Information Recall for Patients: Systematic Review.

Background: Access to clear and comprehensible health information is crucial for patient empowerment, leading to improved self-care, adherence to treatment plans, and overall health outcomes. Traditional methods of information delivery, such as written documents and oral communication, often result in poor memorization and comprehension. Recent innovations, such as animation videos, have shown promise in enhancing patient understanding, but comprehensive investigations into their effectiveness across various health care settings are lacking.

CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

A rare dominant allele determines seed coat color and improves seed oil content in .

Yellow seed coat color (SCC) is a valuable trait in , which is significantly correlated to high seed oil content (SOC) and low seed lignocellulose content (SLC). However, no dominant yellow SCC genes were identified in . In this study, a dominant yellow SCC N53-2 was verified, and then 58,981 eQTLs and 25 trans-eQTL hotspots were identified in a double haploid population derived from N53-2 and black SCC material Ken-C8.

Technical Pearls for Breast Reconstruction in Low BMI Asian Women With the Profunda Artery Perforator Flap.

Background: The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is currently the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. In cases where the DIEP is contraindicated, the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is now the preferred second-line option in our institution. The PAP flap poses unique challenges to the reconstructive surgeon, especially in Asian women with low body mass index (BMI).

Variability of Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease questionnaire (PsAID12) thresholds in psoriatic arthritis: data from the ReFlaP study.

Objectives: To explore thresholds for the Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Impact of Disease questionnaire (PsAID12) score against disease activity measures in an observational setting, in patients with PsA.

Methods: The baseline data from the ReFlaP observational, prospective, multicentre and international study was used (NCT03119805). Cutoffs for PsAID12 were determined against disease activity scores, defining disease impact states (ie remission, low impact, moderate impact and high impact).

First-line immune-based combinations or sunitinib in favorable-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a real-world retrospective comparison from the ARON-1 study.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of urogenital cancer. The introduction of immune-based combinations, including dual immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has radically changed the treatment landscape for metastatic RCC, showing varying efficacy across different prognostic groups based on the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study, part of the ARON-1 project, aimed to evaluate the outcomes of favorable-risk metastatic RCC patients treated with immune-based combinations or sunitinib.

Elucidating the Phase I metabolism of psilocin in vitro.

Psilocin is a well-studied controlled substance with potential psychotherapeutic applications. However, research gaps remain regarding its metabolism. Our objective was to elucidate a comprehensive Phase I metabolic profile of psilocin to support its forensic management and clinical development.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics involve immunization against amyloid-β (Aβ). Post-mortem brain analysis from the first active Aβ immunotherapy trial indicated clearance of Aβ in some AD patients. Yet, the mechanisms regulating Aβ clearance following immunization remain unknown.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Association of type 2 diabetes with cognitive decline and incident dementia in older adults remains inconsistent. In this study, we aim to investigate whether subclinical cerebrovascular disease (sCeVD) would modify this relationship.

Method: A total of 654 participants underwent brain MRI at baseline, from whom 592 individuals with at least one follow-up were selected for longitudinal analysis.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) feature progressive neurodegeneration in a remarkably regionally selective manner. Post mortem studies have posited a role for cell autonomous mechanisms driving this, so we aimed to examine a live human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model to see whether it can replicate the phenomenon of selective neuronal vulnerability, so to better determine disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Method: iPSC-derived neurons offer a rare opportunity to examine cell autonomous vulnerability in live human cells.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Cognitive assessments are essential for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, existing tests are mostly developed in English-speaking cohorts. Hence, their application in multilingual populations will need translation which may affect their test psychometrics.

Exploring the Accuracy of Interferometric Quantum Measurements under Conservation Laws.

A (target) quantum system is often measured through observations performed on a second (meter) system to which the target is coupled. In the presence of global conservation laws holding on the joint meter-target system, the Wigner-Araki-Yanase theorem and its generalizations predict a lower bound on the measurement's error (Ozawa's bound). While practically negligible for macroscopic meters, it becomes relevant for microscopic ones.