Highly sensitive, responsive, and selective iodine gas sensor fabricated using AgI-functionalized graphene.

Radioactive molecular iodine (I) is a critical volatile pollutant generated in nuclear energy applications, necessitating sensors that rapidly and selectively detect low concentrations of I vapor to protect human health and the environment. In this study, we design and prepare a three-component sensing material comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the substrate, silver iodide (AgI) particles as active sites, and polystyrene sulfonate as an additive. The AgI particles enable reversible adsorption and conversion of I molecules into polyiodides, inducing substantial charge density variation in rGO.

Valley charge-transfer insulator in twisted double bilayer WSe.

In flat-band systems, emergent physics can be substantially modified by the presence of another nearby electronic band. For example, a Mott˘Hubbard insulator can turn into a charge transfer insulator if other electronic states enter between the upper and lower Hubbard bands. Here, we introduce twisted double bilayer (TDB) WSe, with twist angles near 60°, as a controllable platform in which the K-valley band can be tuned to close vicinity of the Γ-valley moiré flat band.

Nanoscale Ligand Spacing Regulates Mechanical Force-Induced Cancer Cell Killing.

Cancer cells sense and respond to the extracellular environment, with differences in nanoscale ligand spacing affecting their behavior. Emerging reports show that stretch/ultrasound-mediated mechanical forces promote apoptosis (mechanoptosis) by increasing myosin contractility. Since myosin contractility is critical for nanoscale-ligand spacing-regulated cell behavior, we study the effect of ligand spacing on mechanoptosis.

How confident are Queensland paramedics with seizure recognition, differentiation, and management? A pilot study.

Background: Paramedics in Australia present as the opportune medical personnel to initiate medical intervention of seizure presentations and perform a fundamental role in the prevention of seizure associated morbidity and mortality. Despite being well equipped to manage seizures, no literature exists regarding their confidence to recognise, differentiate, or manage seizures.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was undertaken by 168 paramedics practicing clinically for the Queensland Ambulance Service in Australia.

Multifunctional starch-based conductive hydrogels for smart sensors and flexible supercapacitors.

In order to overcome harsh working environments and meet eco-friendly demands, the development of environmentally tolerant and recyclable hydrogels is necessary. Herein, multifunctional conductive hydrogel was successfully constructed by introducing starch into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerin (Gly)/lithium chloride (LiCl) hydrogel. Starch is rich in active sites (-OH groups) that provide a variety of physical interactions for the construction of polymer hydrogels.

A critical review of microbial profiles in black and odorous waters.

Black and odorous waters (BOWs) are a serious environmental problem frequently reported over the past few decades. Microorganisms are identified as implementors of the black and odorous phenomenon, which play a crucial role in the decomposition and transformation of pollutants within the BOWs. However, the information on the role of microorganisms in BOWs remains elusive.

Exploring the co-occurrence of microplastics, DOM and DBPs inside PVC pipes undergoing chlorination by correlation analysis and unsupervised learning.

Drinking water distribution systems face a multifaceted emerging concern, including in situ microplastic (MP) generation, chemical leaching from plastic pipes, and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study investigated the co-release of MPs and chemical leachates from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes exposed to different chlorine concentrations on a lab scale, as well as the subsequent formation of DBP. Results highlighted significant evidence of PVC-derived dissolved organic matter (PVC-DOM) and microplastic (PVC-MP) leaching at higher chlorine concentrations.

Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education From 2000 to 2024: Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into medical education has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. However, it lacks a comprehensive study depicting the academic performance and status of AI in the medical education domain.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the social patterns, productive contributors, knowledge structure, and clusters since the 21st century.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment.

The gonorrhoea care cascade in general practice: a descriptive study to explore gonorrhoea management utilising electronic medical records.

Background Gonorrhoea notification rates in Australia have more than doubled between 2014 and 2019. We explored gonorrhoea testing patterns and management of gonorrhoea infection in general practice. Methods We analysed de-identified electronic medical record data for individuals who attended 73 Australian general practices (72 in the state of Victoria) between January 2018 and December 2020.

Adjuvant Atezolizumab for Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The ALEXANDRA/IMpassion030 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive subtype with a high incidence in young patients, a high incidence in non-Hispanic Black women, and a high risk of progression to metastatic cancer, a devastating sequela with a 12- to 18-month life expectancy. Until recently, one strategy for treating early-stage triple-negative breast cancer was chemotherapy after surgery. However, it was not known whether the addition of immune therapy to postsurgery chemotherapy would be beneficial.

Unravelling the aromatic symphony: redirecting bifunctional mushroom synthases towards linalool monofunctionality.

Enzymes are the cornerstone of biocatalysis, biosynthesis and synthetic biology. However, their applicability is often limited by low substrate selectivity. A prime example is the bifunctional linalool/nerolidol synthase (LNS) that can use both geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to produce linalool and nerolidol, respectively.

Responsive cancer care in Asia: stigma and pain must be acknowledged and addressed.

Purpose: This study investigates whether cancer-related stigma and pain among patients with advanced cancer influences their perceptions of receiving responsive care.

Methods: We surveyed 2138 advanced cancer patients from 11 hospitals in eight Asian countries. Participants rated their most recent healthcare visit and a hypothetical patient's experience described in vignettes concerning dignity, clarity of information, and involvement in decision-making.

Validation of a Pretransplant Risk Prediction Model for Early Allograft Dysfunction After Living-donor Liver Transplantation.

Background: Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) affects outcomes in liver transplantation (LT). Existing risk models developed for deceased-donor LT depend on posttransplant factors and fall short in living-donor LT (LDLT), where pretransplant evaluations are crucial for preventing EAD and justifying the donor's risks.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 2944 adult patients who underwent LDLT at 17 centers between 2016 and 2020.

Systemic TRPV4 inhibition worsens retinal response to acute intraocular pressure elevation in older but not younger mice.

Significance: Previous evidence showed that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) inhibition was protective of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss after chronic intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in young animals. However, the role of TRPV4 in mechanosensing IOP changes in the aging eye is not well understood.

Purpose: This study compared the recovery of retinal function and structure after acute IOP elevation in 3- and 12-month-old mouse eyes with and without TRPV4 inhibition.

Impaired Exercise Capacity in High-Risk Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The ARISE-HF Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Subanalysis.

Background: Objective indices of functional capacity in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and stage B heart failure (HF) have not been comprehensively defined. We sought to characterize the cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics of individuals with diabetic cardiomyopathy at high risk for overt HF.

Methods: The relationships from cardiopulmonary exercise testing with clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants with diabetic cardiomyopathy were evaluated using baseline data from the ARISE-HF trial (Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure).

EXPRESS: A Megastudy of Lexico-semantic Effects in Single-word Shadowing.

Lexico-semantic effects in lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks have been investigated using the megastudy approach, but not with other traditional spoken word recognition tasks. To address this gap, the present megastudy, using words from the McRae et al. (2005) norms, examined the single-word shadowing task, where 96 native English speakers repeated aloud each word they heard as quickly and as accurately as possible.

A scoping review and expert consensus on digital determinants of health.

Objective: To map how social, commercial, political and digital determinants of health have changed or emerged during the recent digital transformation of society and to identify priority areas for policy action.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science on 24 September 2023, to identify eligible reviews published in 2018 and later. To ensure we included the most recent literature, we supplemented our review with non-systematic searches in PubMed® and Google Scholar, along with records identified by subject matter experts.

Randomized controlled trials of digital health interventions for rheumatic disease management: a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the adoption, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of digital health interventions for rheumatic disease management.

Methods: Between 25 May 2024 and 2 June 2024, we systematically searched PubMed®, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Global Observatory for eHealth and the World Bank Open Knowledge Repository for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating digital health interventions for rheumatic disease management.

Oral behaviors in Chinese temporomandibular disorder patients: insights from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) in Chinese temporomandibular disorder (TMDs) patients and compare the outcomes with those of Western patients. Additionally, it examined the correlations between different OBC subscale scoring methods.

Methods: A total of 869 patients completed a survey that included demographic information, the Symptom Questionnaire, and OBC.

Promoting breastfeeding in Singapore-a case study.

The health and economic benefits of breastfeeding for mothers, infants and the broader community are well established; however, breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal in Singapore. This commentary reviews the journey Singapore, a high-income and well-resourced country, has taken over the past two decades to promote breastfeeding. We discuss where we are currently at, the measures implemented to achieve our targets and next steps ahead.

Case Report: Respiratory outcome in a preterm infant following previable rupture of membranes and persistent oligohydramnios.

Mid-trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes is a rare complication of pregnancy associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The ensuing prolonged oligohydramnios can lead to fetal pulmonary hypoplasia. In addition, there is an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and chorioamnionitis, contributing to septic morbidity in the mother-baby dyad.

Differentiation of the severity of rheumatic mitral stenosis using dimensionless index and its association with outcomes.

Introduction: The severity of mitral stenosis (MS) is commonly assessed using mitral valve area (MVA) measured with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The dimensionless index (DI) of mitral valve (MV) was recently studied in degenerative MS. We evaluated DI MV in rheumatic MS and studied its relationship with clinical outcomes.