Type and physical intensity of occupations at pulmonary TB diagnosis.

Background: Pulmonary TB (PTB) predominantly affects individuals of working age. We sought to characterise the occupations of people newly diagnosed with PTB in Karachi, Pakistan, by type and physical intensity.

Design/methods: We did a secondary analysis of data from a study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based chest X-ray (CXR) analysis software, where individuals had been evaluated for active PTB using sputum cultures and had provided information on occupation.

Incidental finding of MELAS in a young woman with decompensated heart failure and end stage kidney disease: a case report.

Background: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a rare and progressive mitochondrial disorder characterized by multi-systemic involvement. This disease manifests in various clinical manifestations, with heart and kidney disorders being among the most common. Accurate diagnosis of MELAS often necessitates a range of complex investigations.

Pesticide safety behavior among vegetable farmers in Bangladesh: Evaluating the role of market aggregation services.

Pesticide use in Bangladesh is disproportionately high in vegetable farming compared to other crops like cereals, pulses, and cash crops. This study delves into the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pesticide use among vegetable farmers, focusing on the impact of a digital aggregation service implemented by Digital Green. Based on interviews with 120 vegetable farmers in the LOOP aggregation scheme and 120 non-LOOP vegetable farmers this study indicates that the farmers using the aggregation service have a moderately higher level of food safety knowledge.

MIS transoral technique for C1-C2 cord compression - Intricacies using a 360⁰ navigated approach.

Introduction: Surgeries in the occipitocervical and upper cervical region are always quite challenging and need adequate surgical experience and expertise. Especially in cases, where both anterior and posterior surgical access is required, complication rates could be significantly high. The transoral approach for the ventral pathologies of the upper cervical region has been previously described using the conventional open technique where post-operative morbidity is a concern.

Accelerating ASEAN's energy transition in the power sector through cross-border transmission and a net-zero 2050 view.

Faced with energy transition objectives, the ten countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have technology options to decarbonize power sector. This study investigates the hypothetical decarbonization pathways for ASEAN's power sector. Here, we present an integrated power system capacity expansion model for ASEAN over 2018-2050.

Transdisciplinary perspectives for health systems science.

Health systems science uses systems thinking as part of a transdisciplinary approach that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. It integrates and synthesizes knowledge from multiple disciplines to address real-world problems in healthcare with pragmatic solutions. This editorial defines health systems from the perspectives of systems thinking, science, and engineering, discusses their current challenges and opportunities, and envisions how health systems science as a field can advance the continuous learning and improvement of health systems.

Effect of Posterior Corneal Surgically Induced Astigmatism on Toric Intraocular Lens Power Calculations.

Background: To determine whether accounting for posterior corneal surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) would improve toric intraocular lens power calculation prediction error.

Methods: A total of 189 eyes of 148 patients undergoing routine cataract surgery were included in the study. Standard and posterior keratometry were measured pre- and postoperatively.

New Molecular Photoswitch Based on the Conformational Transition of Phenothiazine Derivatives and Corresponding Triplet Emission Properties.

Molecular photoswitch research has drawn much attention in the last century owing to its great potential in the development of smart materials. However, photoswitches suitable for constructing light-responsive luminescent materials remain limited, especially those involving triplet-state phosphorescence. Herein, we designed a novel molecular photoswitch based on the conformation transition of phenothiazine derivatives, minimizing steric hindrance (-CH > -Cl > -F) to regulate the conformation transition process while introducing a cyanobenzene acceptor to promote phosphorescence emission potential.

4-Week intervention combining kiwifruit consumption and small-sided soccer games improves sleep quality in children with overweight/obesity and pre-existing sleep problems.

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern associated with various health risks, including disrupted sleep patterns. This study investigated the effects of kiwifruit consumption and small-sided soccer games (SSSG) over 4 weeks on sleep patterns in overweight/obese children with sleep problems. Thirty-six participants, aged 8 to 12 years with a body mass index above the 85th percentile, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SSSG only ( = 12), SSSG-kiwifruit (SSSG-K,  = 12), or control (CG,  = 12).

Nonvolatile Magnonics in Bilayer Magnetic Insulators.

Nonvolatile control of spin order or spin excitations offers a promising avenue for advancing spintronics; however, practical implementation remains challenging. In this Letter, we propose a general framework to realize electrical control of magnons in 2D magnetic insulators. We demonstrate that in bilayer ferromagnetic insulators with strong spin-layer coupling, the electric field can effectively manipulate the spin exchange interactions between the layers, enabling nonvolatile control of the corresponding magnons.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

Evaluating Intervention Reporting in Nursing Journal RCTs Using the TIDieR Checklist: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To assess the completeness of intervention reporting in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in nursing journals based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: RCTs published in English in nursing journals between January 2022 and December 2022 were identified through PubMed.

A Critical Appraisal of the Application of Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Spinal Oncology Population.

Study Design: Systematic review and clinimetric analysis.

Objectives: Frailty and sarcopenia predict worse surgical outcomes among spinal degenerative and deformity-related populations; this association is less clear in the context of spinal oncology. Here, we sought to identify frailty and sarcopenia tools applied in spinal oncology and appraise their clinimetric properties.

Role of Posterior Carbon Fiber Implants in Spine Tumor Surgery.

Study Design: Narrative Review.

Objective: The management of spinal tumors requires a multi-disciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy. Surgical approaches typically require posterior segmental instrumentation to maintain long-term spinal stability.

Low-Temperature Growth of Centimeter-Sized 2D PdSe by Self-Limiting Liquid-Phase Edge Epitaxy.

Two-dimensional (2D) PdSe atomic crystals hold great potential for optoelectronic applications due to their bipolar electrical characteristics, tunable bandgap, high electron mobility, and exceptional air stability. Nevertheless, the scalable synthesis of large-area, high-quality 2D PdSe crystals using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a self-limiting liquid-phase edge-epitaxy (SLE) low-temperature growth method to achieve high-quality, centimeter-sized PdSe films with single-crystal domain areas exceeding 30 μm.

Identifying the Bifunctional Mechanism in Alkaline Water Electrolysis by Lewis Pairs at the Single-Atom Scale.

The bifunctional mechanism, involving multiactive compositions to simultaneously dissociate water molecules and optimize intermediate adsorption, has been widely used in the design of catalysts to boost water electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen energy production but remains debatable due to difficulties in accurately identifying the reaction process. Here, we proposed the concept of well-defined Lewis pairs in single-atom catalysts, with a unique acid-base nature, to comprehensively understand the exact role of multiactive compositions in an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. By facilely adjusting active moieties, the induced synergistic effect between Lewis pairs (M-P/S/Cr pairs, M = Ru, Ir, Pt) can significantly facilitate the cleavage of the H-OH bond and accelerate the removal of intermediates, thereby switching the rate-determining step from the Volmer step to the Heyrovsky step.

Sentience and Beyond-A Representative Interview With Peter Singer AI.

This interview with Peter Singer AI serves a dual purpose. It is an exploration of certain-utilitarian and related-views on sentience and its ethical implications. It is also an exercise in the emerging interaction between natural and artificial intelligence, presented not as just ethics of AI but perhaps more importantly, as ethics with AI.

Unraveling Crystal Phase-Driven Activity and Selectivity of WO for Photoelectrochemical Biomass Valorization.

Modulating the crystal phase of a photocatalyst significantly impacts its surface and photochemical properties, allowing for the adjustment of catalytic activity and selectivity, particularly in the electrooxidation reactions of biomass-derived chemicals. Herein, monoclinic and hexagonal phases of WO are employed as photoanodes for the photoelectrochemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). The monoclinic phase demonstrated exceptional performance in photoelectrocatalytic HMF oxidation, achieving remarkable photocurrent densities (1.

Patients' Experienced Usability and Satisfaction With Digital Health Solutions in a Home Setting: Instrument Validation Study.

Background: The field of digital health solutions (DHS) has grown tremendously over the past years. DHS include tools for self-management, which support individuals to take charge of their own health. The usability of DHS, as experienced by patients, is pivotal to adoption.

Impact of age-related changes in buccal epithelial cells on pediatric epigenetic biomarker research.

Cheek swabs, heterogeneous samples consisting primarily of buccal epithelial cells, are widely used in pediatric DNA methylation studies and biomarker creation. However, the decrease in buccal proportion with age in adults remains unexamined in childhood. We analyzed cheek swabs from 4626 typically developing children 2-months to 20-years-old.

Combinatorial functionomics identifies HDAC6-dependent molecular vulnerability of radioresistant head and neck cancer.

Background: Radiotherapy is the primary treatment modality for most head and neck cancers (HNCs). Despite the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy to enhance its tumoricidal effects, almost a third of HNC patients suffer from locoregional relapses. Salvage therapy options for such recurrences are limited and often suboptimal, partly owing to divergent tumor and microenvironmental factors underpinning radioresistance.

A Small-Molecule Drug for the Self-Checking of Mitophagy.

Mitophagy that disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), represents a critical focus in pharmacology. However, the discovery and evaluation of MMP-disrupting drugs are often hampered using commercially available marker molecules that target similar or identical zones. These markers can significantly interfere with, obscure, or amplify the functional effects of MMP-targeting drugs, frequently leading to clinical failures.

Deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis.

There has been much controversy regarding the order in which cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) and systemic therapy (ST) are applied for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We aimed to investigate the role of deferred CN (dCN) in mRCC, particularly in the current era of immunotherapy. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies comparing dCN versus any non-dCN strategy, in any temporal sequence, with the provision of Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS).