Rome Foundation Working Team Report on overlap in disorders of gut-brain interaction.

In patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), overlapping non-gastrointestinal conditions such as fibromyalgia, headaches, gynaecological and urological conditions, sleep disturbances and fatigue are common, as is overlap among DGBI in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These overlaps strongly influence patient management and outcome. Shared pathophysiology could explain this scenario, but details are not fully understood.

International myeloma working group immunotherapy committee recommendation on sequencing immunotherapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.

T-cell redirecting therapy (TCRT), specifically chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cells) and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a remarkable advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). There are several products available around the world and several more in development targeting primarily B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GRPC5D). The relatively rapid availability of multiple immunotherapies brings the necessity to understand how a certain agent may affect the safety and efficacy of a subsequent immunotherapy so MM physicians and patients can aim at optimal sequential use of these therapies.

Alu-Sc-mediated exonization generated a mitochondrial LKB1 gene variant found only in higher order primates.

The tumor suppressor LKB1/STK11 plays important roles in regulating cellular metabolism and stress responses and its mutations are associated with various cancers. We recently identified a novel exon 1b within intron 1 of human LKB1/STK11, which generates an alternatively spliced, mitochondria-targeting LKB1 isoform important for regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Here we examined the formation of this novel exon 1b and uncovered its relatively late emergence during evolution.

Genetic coupling of enhancer activity and connectivity in gene expression control.

Gene enhancers often form long-range contacts with promoters, but it remains unclear if the activity of enhancers and their chromosomal contacts are mediated by the same DNA sequences and recruited factors. Here, we study the effects of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) on enhancer activity and promoter contacts in primary monocytes isolated from 34 male individuals. Using eQTL-Capture Hi-C and a Bayesian approach considering both intra- and inter-individual variation, we initially detect 19 eQTLs associated with enhancer-eGene promoter contacts, most of which also associate with enhancer accessibility and activity.

Evidence-Based Surgical Guidelines for Treating Children With Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, there is considerable variation in surgical management practices worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG).

Methods: The CPG development involved assembling a multidisciplinary group, prioritizing 10 key topic areas, conducting evidence searches, and synthesizing findings.

Continuity and locum use for acute consultations: observational study of subsequent workload.

Background: Workload is probably the biggest challenge facing general practice and little is known about any modifiable factors. For GPs, both continuity and locum status are associated with differences in outcomes.

Aim: To determine whether practice and hospital workload after an index acute consultation depend on the type of GP consulted (locums and practice GPs with [regular] and without [non-regular] continuity, and locums).

Strengthening advanced therapy for sickle cell disease in Africa: experience from sickle cell disease centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Despite progress in healthcare services for individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa, substantial gaps remain in advanced treatments for SCD. To help address this burden, Tanzania has established one of the largest single-centre SCD programmes in the world and developed an advanced therapy programme for SCD focused on patient engagement and advocacy, clinical activities involving exchange blood transfusion (ExBT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), gene therapy (GT) preparedness, and enabling partnerships. This report describes the programme's genesis, structure and progress achieved.

Nanopore sequencing to detect A-to-I editing sites.

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, mediated by the ADAR family of enzymes, is pervasive in metazoans and functions as an important mechanism to diversify the proteome and control gene expression. Over the years, there have been multiple efforts to comprehensively map the editing landscape in different organisms and in different disease states. As inosine (I) is recognized largely as guanosine (G) by cellular machineries including the reverse transcriptase, editing sites can be detected as A-to-G changes during sequencing of complementary DNA (cDNA).

Number of patient samples affected before error detection: Strategic implications for internal quality control and patient-based quality control practices.

Introduction: There is a general impression that patient-based quality control (PBQC) requires a high volume of laboratory results to detect errors effectively. However, internal quality control (IQC) performed infrequently may be associated with increased risk of missed error (i.e.

Selective pressure of various levels of erythromycin on the development of antibiotic resistance.

This study evaluated microbial fitness under selective pressure of various erythromycin concentrations and the development of resistance genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

Enhancing woman-centred care for pregnant women who have experienced a previous traumatic birth: An Australian Modified Delphi Study.

Background: Childbirth is often characterised as a time of joy. However, some women have a traumatic birth experience, resulting in ongoing psychological symptoms of distress. This can affect women's mental and physical health in subsequent pregnancies; however, a woman-centred approach has the potential to heal.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lipid-Polyzwitterion Diblock Copolymers for Optimizing Micelle Formation to Enhance Anticancer Drug Delivery in 2D and 3D Cell Cultures.

Amphiphilic polymers with distinct polarity differences, known as sharp polarity contrast polymers (SPCPs), have gained much attention for their ability to form micelles with low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) and potential in anticancer drug delivery. This study addresses the limited research on structure-property relationships of SPCPs by developing various SPCPs and exploring their physicochemical properties and biological applications. Specifically, the superhydrophobic aliphatic palmitoyl (Pal) was coupled to the superhydrophilic zwitterionic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC) to form Pal-pMPC diblock copolymers.

The link between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) morphogenesis and virus transmission: Towards a paradigm for understanding RSV transmission in the upper airway.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) particle assembly occurs on the surface of infected cells at specialized membrane domain called lipid rafts. The mature RSV particles assemble as filamentous projections called virus filaments, and these structures form on the surface of many permissive cell types indicating that this is a robust feature of the RSV particle assembly. The virus filaments also form on nasal airway organoids systems providing evidence that these structures also have a clinical relevance.

Intelligent shipping: integrating autonomous maneuvering and maritime knowledge in the Singapore-Rotterdam Corridor.

Designing safe and reliable routes is the core of intelligent shipping. However, existing methods for industrial use are inadequate, primarily due to the lack of considering company preferences and ship maneuvering characteristics. To address these challenges, here we introduce a methodological framework that integrates maritime knowledge and autonomous maneuvering model.

Gold(I)-Catalyzed 2-Deoxy-β-glycosylation via 1,2-Alkyl/Arylthio Migration: Synthesis of Velutinoside A Pentasaccharide.

2-Deoxy-β-glycosides are essential components of natural products and pharmaceuticals; however, the corresponding 2-deoxy-β-glycosidic bonds are challenging to chemically construct. Herein, we describe an efficient catalytic protocol for synthesizing 2-deoxy-β-glycosides via either IPrAuNTf-catalyzed activation of a unique 1,2--positioned C2--propargyl xanthate (OSPX) leaving group or (PhO)PAuNTf-catalyzed activation of a 1,2--C2--alkynylbenzoate (OABz) substituent of the corresponding thioglycosides. These activation processes trigger 1,2-alkyl/arylthio-migration glycosylation, enabling the synthesis of structurally diverse 2-deoxy-β-glycosides under mild reaction conditions.

Accumulation of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides during Lychee Pulp Fermentation with Involves Endoglucanase Expression.

In the current work, lychee pulp was subjected to ATCC 14917 fermentation, leading to a substantial increase (2.32-2.67-fold) in water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP).

The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21: Principal component analysis and evaluation of abbreviated versions in young adults with temporomandibular disorders.

Background: The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) contain three subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. Several abbreviated DASS-21 versions have been developed, demonstrating better clinical utility and measurement properties than the original instrument. This study explored the factor structure of various abbreviated DASS-21 versions and identified/validated the optimal one for assessing young adults with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

The association of physical function and physical performance with DNA methylation clocks in oldest-old living in Singapore - the SG90 cohort.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (DNAm) clocks estimate biological age according to DNA methylation. This study investigated the associations between measures of physical function and physical performance and ten DNAm clocks in the oldest-old in Singapore. The SG90 cohort included a subset of community-dwelling oldest-old from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) and Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS).

Case management in emergency care: impact evaluation of the CARED Program.

Background: Hospitals face mounting pressure to reduce unplanned utilization amid rising healthcare demands from an aging population. The Case management for At-Risk patients in the Emergency Department (CARED) program is among the first ED transitional care strategies to focus on both frail older adults and emergency department (ED) re-attenders to reduce acute hospital utilization. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the CARED program in reducing hospital (re)admissions and ED re-attendances within 30- and 60 days post-discharge.

Safety and efficacy of minimally invasive associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Liver malignancies present substantial challenges to surgeons due to the extensive hepatic resections required, frequently resulting in posthepatectomy liver failure. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) was designed to increase the resectable liver volume, yet it is associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates. Recently, minimally invasive techniques have been incorporated into ALPPS, with the potential to improve the procedure's safety profile whilst maintaining efficacy.

Contemporary Insights into LMNA Cardiomyopathy.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to explore how a diagnosis of LMNA-related cardiomyopathy (LMNA-CM) informs clinical management, focusing on the prevention and management of its complications, through practical clinical strategies.

Recent Findings: Longitudinal studies have enhanced our understanding of the natural history of LMNA-CM including its arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic complications. A LMNA specific ventricular arrhythmia risk prediction strategy has been integrated into clinical practice guidelines.

Abbreviated Duration of Vasoactive Agents Has Similar Outcomes as Standard Duration of Therapy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Variceal Bleeding: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background: This two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) compared the efficacy of a shorter duration (≤ 2 days) of vasoactive (VA) drug therapy to standard duration (3-5 days) after acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Patients And Methods: Randomized clinical trials on patients with cirrhosis and AVB undergoing endoscopic band ligation which compared a short duration versus the standard duration of VA therapy were included. The primary outcome was 5-day rebleeding rate.

Pharmacogenetic Testing for Predicting Methylphenidate Treatment Outcomes in Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Turkey: Focus on Carboxylesterase 1, Latrophilin-3, and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase.

Pharmacogenetic studies involving Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), Latrophilin-3 (LPHN3), and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) revealed individual differences regarding therapeutic response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. This study aimed to evaluate MPH's association with the adverse effect status in children and its relationship with CES1, LPHN3, and COMT in the Turkish population. The study included 102 children and adolescents with ADHD, who were categorized as responders, or the adverse effect group based on their treatment response.

Family Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross-Lagged Model.

This study aims to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between family functioning and depressive symptoms, considering life satisfaction as a potential mediator and gender, age and income as a moderator of these associations. A longitudinal study was conducted with 708 Chinese adults with diabetes and hypertension (51.6% women; mean age: 64.

Germanium nanocrystal non-volatile memory devices: fabrication, charge storage mechanism and characterization.

The widespread proliferation and increasing use of portable electronic devices and wearables, and the recent developments in artificial intelligence and internet-of-things, have fuelled the need for high-density and low-voltage non-volatile memory devices. Nanocrystal memory, an emergent non-volatile memory (NVM) device that makes use of the Coulomb blockade effect, can potentially result in the scaling of the tunnel dielectric layer to a very small thickness. Since the nanocrystals are electrically isolated, potential charge leakage paths localized defects in the thin tunnel dielectric can be substantially reduced, unlike that in a continuous polysilicon floating gate structure.