Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification Based on Graph Assisted Global Reasoning.

Breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent cancer among women globally. Histopathological image analysis stands as one of the most reliable methods for tumor detection. This study aims to utilize deep learning to extract histopathological features and automatically identify tumor information, thereby assisting doctors in high-precision pathological diagnosis.

Assessment of glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism using multi-parametric MRI and machine learning.

Objectives: To assess glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using multi-parametric MRI, combined with machine learning to evaluate ASD detection performance.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 110 children with ASD (80 exploratory, 43 validation) and 68 typically developing children (50 exploratory, 18 validation) from two centers. The automated diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (aDTI-ALPS), fractional anisotropy (FA), cerebrospinal fluid volume, and perivascular space (PVS) volume indices were extracted from DTI, three-dimensional T1-weighted, and T2-weighted images.

Separating nanobubble nucleation for transfer-resistance-free electrocatalysis.

Electrocatalytic gas-evolving reactions often result in bubble-covered surfaces, impeding the mass transfer to active sites. Such an issue will be worsened in practical high-current-density conditions and can cause sudden cell failure. Herein, we develop an on-chip microcell-based total-internal-reflection-fluorescence-microscopy to enable operando imaging of bubbles at sub-50 nm and dynamic probing of their nucleation during hydrogen evolution reaction.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus).

The Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), a finfish with the largest biomass of a single species in the Yellow and East China Seas, plays an important pivotal role in converting zooplanktons into high trophic fish in the food web. As a result, the fish is regard as a key species in its habiting ecosystem. However, the lack of genomic resources hampers our understanding of its genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as the evolutionary dynamics.

Local polar order controls mechanical stress and triggers layer formation in Myxococcus xanthus colonies.

Colonies of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus go through a morphological transition from a thin colony of cells to three-dimensional droplet-like fruiting bodies as a strategy to survive starvation. The biological pathways that control the decision to form a fruiting body have been studied extensively. However, the mechanical events that trigger the creation of multiple cell layers and give rise to droplet formation remain poorly understood.

A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial.

Healthy dietary patterns rich in legumes can improve metabolic health, although their additional benefits in conjunction with calorie restriction have not been well-established. We investigated effects of a calorie-restricted, legume-enriched, multicomponent intervention diet compared with a calorie-restricted control diet in 127 Chinese prediabetes participants, living in Singapore. The study was a 16-week, single-blind, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial (n = 63 intervention group (IG), n = 64 control group (CG); mean ± SD age 62.

Promoting in-situ stability of hydroxide exchange membranes by thermally conductive network for durable water electrolysis.

Hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM) water electrolysis is promising for green hydrogen production due to its low cost and excellent performance. However, HEM often has insufficient stability in strong alkaline solutions, particularly under in-situ electrolysis operation conditions, hindering its commercialization. In this study, we discover that the in-situ stability of HEM is primarily impaired by the locally accumulated heat in HEM due to its low thermal conductivity.

Depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China: The interaction of physical activity and sleep duration.

Background: Previous research on the interaction of physical activity and sleep on depressive symptoms was mostly cross-sectional or conducted with children or young adults. This study examines the main and interactive associations of physical activity and sleep duration with depressive symptoms over a 3-year period among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods: Data from 4269 Chinese adults aged 45 or older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used.

A β-cyclodextrin-based supramolecular modular system creating micellar carriers for codelivery of doxorubicin and siRNA for potential combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

The combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy holds promise in treating cancer. A key strategy is to use small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cancer cells, disrupting tumor immune evasion and enhancing anticancer treatments, particularly when used in conjunction with chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox). However, effective codelivery of drugs and genes requires carefully designed carriers and complex synthesis procedures.

Circulating proteomic profiles are associated with type 2 diabetes in Asian populations - a longitudinal study.

Context: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global concern, with Asia at its epicenter in recent years. Proteins, products of gene transcription, serve as dynamic biomarkers for pinpointing perturbed pathways in disease development. Previous T2D proteomic association studies primarily focused on European populations.

Longitudinal Changes of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer in Highly Myopic Glaucoma: A 3-year Cohort Study.

Purpose: To describe the longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with and without glaucoma, and to investigate the effects of high myopia (HM) on the sectoral patterns of pRNFL and mGC-IPL thinning.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: A total of 243 eyes from 243 individuals with 3-year follow-up were included in this study: 109 eyes in the HM group, 64 eyes in the open-angle glaucoma (OAG) group and 70 eyes in the highly myopic glaucoma (HMG) group.

Persistence of Retinal Fluid after Anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Topic: To evaluate the prognosis of retinal fluid resolution in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) after initiating treatment in terms of the prevalence of eyes with retinal fluid, the proportion of eyes which never achieve a fluid-free retina throughout the course of treatment, and the relationship between retinal fluid and visual acuity outcome.

Clinical Relevance: Retinal fluid often persists or recurs after initiating treatment for nAMD. It is unclear what proportion never achieve fluid resolution throughout their treatment course.

PIASy of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) negatively regulates RLRs-mediated innate antiviral immunity.

During viral infection, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors that recognize and bind to viral RNA components, initiating the transcription of interferon-related genes, inflammatory cytokines and other factors, thereby triggering the cellular production of an antiviral innate immune response. The protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) (PIAS) protein family has become a hot research topic due to its extensive involvement in the regulation of cytokines, inflammatory factors and innate immune signaling pathways. In the present study, we investigated the role of fish PIASy in Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infections.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura presenting as a Thunderclap Headache!

A 35-year-old male with a history of hypertension presented with a thunderclap headache. Laboratory tests revealed isolated mild thrombocytopenia and plain brain imaging was normal. Subsequently he developed chest pain and breathlessness, accompanied with an acute kidney injury, elevated troponins and worsening thrombocytopenia.

Characterisation of pregnancy-induced alterations in apolipoproteins and their associations with maternal metabolic risk factors and offspring birth outcomes: a preconception and longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Apolipoproteins as an integral part of lipoproteins are crucial for the transport and metabolism of lipids. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies to quantify the concentrations of maternal apolipoproteins from preconception to postpartum and their associations with maternal metabolic health and offspring birth outcomes.

Methods: Quantification of apolipoproteins was performed on maternal plasma samples (N = 243 trios) collected at preconception, 26-28 weeks' pregnancy, and three months postpartum in the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes (S-PRESTO) cohort study.

Non-viral, high throughput genetic engineering of primary immune cells using nanostraw-mediated transfection.

Transfection of proteins, mRNA, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transgenes into immune cells remains a critical bottleneck in cell manufacturing. Current methods, such as viruses and bulk electroporation, are hampered by low transfection efficiency, unintended transgene integration, and significant cell perturbation. The Nanostraw Electro-actuated Transfection (NExT) technology offers a solution by using high aspect-ratio nanostraws and localized electric fields to precisely deliver biomolecules into cells with minimal disruption.

Efficacy of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Weight Loss, BMI, and Waist Circumference for Patients With Obesity or Overweight: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression of 47 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To provide an updated synthesis on effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on weight, BMI, and waist circumference incorporating newer randomized controlled trials (RCTs), particularly in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Research Design And Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for RCTs published from inception to 4 October 2024. The search was limited to RCTs evaluating the use of GLP-1 RAs for mean differences from baseline in weight, BMI, and waist circumference in adults with obesity or overweight with or without diabetes.

Metal-organic cages improving microporosity in polymeric membrane for superior CO capture.

Mixed matrix membranes, with well-designed pore structure inside the polymeric matrix via the incorporation of inorganic components, offer a promising solution for addressing CO emissions. Here, we synthesized a series of novel metal organic cages (MOCs) with aperture pore size precisely positioned between CO and N or CH. These MOCs were uniformly dispersed in the polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1).

Microplastics in the bloodstream can induce cerebral thrombosis by causing cell obstruction and lead to neurobehavioral abnormalities.

Human health is being threatened by environmental microplastic (MP) pollution. MPs were detected in the bloodstream and multiple tissues of humans, disrupting the regular physiological processes of organs. Nanoscale plastics can breach the blood-brain barrier, leading to neurotoxic effects.

Distributed representations of temporally accumulated reward prediction errors in the mouse cortex.

Reward prediction errors (RPEs) quantify the difference between expected and actual rewards, serving to refine future actions. Although reinforcement learning (RL) provides ample theoretical evidence suggesting that the long-term accumulation of these error signals improves learning efficiency, it remains unclear whether the brain uses similar mechanisms. To explore this, we constructed RL-based theoretical models and used multiregional two-photon calcium imaging in the mouse dorsal cortex.

Tunable polarization entangled photon-pair source in rhombohedral boron nitride.

Entangled photon-pair sources are pivotal in various quantum applications. Miniaturizing the quantum devices to meet the requirement in limited space applications drives the search for ultracompact entangled photon-pair sources. The rise of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has been demonstrated as ultracompact entangled photon-pair sources.

Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance.

The pituitary gland is the central endocrine regulatory organ producing and releasing hormones that coordinate major body functions. The physical location of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain, though outside the protective blood-brain barrier, leads to an unexplored special immune environment. Using single-cell transcriptomics, fate mapping, and imaging, we characterize pituitary-resident macrophages (pitMØs), revealing their heterogeneity and spatial specialization.

Healthcare resource utilization and costs of using Cariprazine as the first versus subsequent adjunctive therapy for major depressive disorder.

Aim: Inadequate response to antidepressant therapy (ADT) is common in major depressive disorder (MDD); atypical antipsychotic (AA) adjunctive therapy may be effective for these patients. This study aimed to compare healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs between patients initiating the AA cariprazine as their first adjunctive therapy vs those initiating cariprazine subsequently.

Methods: The Merative MarketScan® Commercial Database (January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2021) was used to identify US adults with MDD and ≥1 pharmacy claim for cariprazine adjunctive to ADT in 2018 or after.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Breath Tests to Detect Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection and one of the world's leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Currently, TB diagnosis can be established via mycobacterial cultures, Acid Fast Bacilli smear and molecular studies. In the ever-evolving landscape of medical advancements, breath tests have shown considerable promise.

Schlemm's Bidirectional Fluid Wave and Luminal Blood Reflux as Novel Intra-Operative Signs Confirming Optimal Placement of the iStent.

Purpose: Trabecular micro-bypass devices (TBDs) such as the iStent series (Glaukos Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA), are effective in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). However, precise placement of TBDs is crucial in achieving surgical efficacy, as device malpositioning may lead to suboptimal IOP reduction. We demonstrate two novel intra-operative signs to aid confirmation of accurate iStent placement, without reliance on imaging technologies.