Calpain 2 regulates IL-1α secretion and inhibits tumor development via modulating calpain 1 expression in the tumor microenvironment.

Tumor-promoting inflammation significantly impacts cancer progression, and targeting inflammatory cytokines has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in clinical trials. Interleukin (IL)-1α, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a crucial role in both inflammation and carcinogenesis. How IL-1α is secreted in the tumor microenvironment has been poorly understood, and we previously showed that calpain 1 cleaves pro-IL-1α for mature IL-1α secretion, which exacerbates hepatocellular carcinoma by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Investigating frontoparietal networks and activation in children with mathematics learning difficulties: Cases with different deficit profiles.

Approximately 15%-20% of school-aged children suffer from mathematics learning difficulties (MLD). Most children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) or MLD also have comorbid cognitive deficits. Recent literature suggests that research should focus on uncovering the neural underpinnings of MLD across more inclusive samples, rather than limiting studies to pure cases of DD or MLD with highly stringent inclusion criteria.

Study on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Reinforced Concrete during Electrochemical Repair under the Influence of BIEM.

Based on the bidirectional electromigration (BIEM) technique, a corrosion inhibitor solution was prepared by mixing 1 mol/L triethylene tetramine with deionized water. The effects of current density, charging time, and corrosion inhibitor on critical current density and hydrogen content of rebar were investigated. Subsequently, the hydrogen embrittlement risk of rebar was further characterized by mechanical property tests.

Cardiac-targeted delivery of a novel Drp1 inhibitor for acute cardioprotection.

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a mitochondrial fission protein and a viable target for cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we reported a novel Drp1 inhibitor (DRP1i1), delivered using a cardiac-targeted nanoparticle drug delivery system, as a more effective approach for achieving acute cardioprotection. DRP1i1 was encapsulated in cubosome nanoparticles with conjugated cardiac-homing peptides (NanoDRP1i1) and the encapsulation efficiency was 99.

Utility of multimodal imaging in the clinical diagnosis of inherited retinal degenerations.

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders of variable onset and severity, with vision loss being a common endpoint in most cases. More than 50 distinct IRD phenotypes and over 280 causative genes have been described. Establishing a clinical phenotype for patients with IRD is particularly challenging due to clinical variability even among patients with similar genotypes.

An atypical case of retinal pigment epithelium tear with remodeling and visual preservation.

This report describes a patient with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with fovea-involving retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear that showed tissue remodeling with a good visual outcome. Imaging over the patient's clinical course from 2019 was reviewed. A 74-year-old female presented with left submacular hemorrhage and a large multi-lobular pigment epithelial detachment.

Reshaping vitreoretinal surgery: Intraoperative optical coherence tomography as a tool for enhancing surgical decision-making in complex cases.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) has been applied and studied in a variety of vitreoretinal surgeries for its feasibility, safety, and outcomes for years. Common scenarios include membrane peeling procedures, retinal detachments, choroidal-retinal biopsies, Argus implants, and subretinal injections. iOCT offers the surgeon a better understanding of the retinal microarchitectural changes and timely intraoperative feedback, directing a future view of precision surgery.

Unlocking the Potential: How Flavonoids Affect Angiogenesis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Proliferation, Invasion, and Alter Receptor Interactions in Endometriosis.

Endometriosis, though not classified as a carcinogenic condition, shares features such as oxidative stress, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation with tumor cells. This study aims to review the effects of flavonoids on these processes and their molecular mechanisms in preventing and treating endometriosis. A comprehensive review was conducted, involving a literature search in online databases using keywords like "endometriosis," "endometrioma," and "flavonoid.

A Rare Case of Salmonella Enteritidis Sinusitis.

Nontyphoidal is a common cause of gastroenteritis but can also lead to bacteremia and extraintestinal infections, including meningitis (more frequent in children and infants), endovascular infections (e.g., endocarditis and infected aneurysms), urinary tract infections, and bone or bone marrow infections (e.

Right Ventricular Restrictive Physiology Is Associated With Right Ventricular Direct Flow From 4D Flow CMR.

Background: Right ventricular restrictive physiology (RVRP) is a common occurrence in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). The relationship of RVRP with biventricular blood flow components and kinetic energy (KE) from 4-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is unclear.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of 4D flow CMR parameters with RVRP in rTOF patients.

Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Position Statement on the Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Management of Aortic Stenosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been established as an effective treatment modality in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and the uptake of TAVI is rapidly growing in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there exist a heterogeneity in the management of aortic stenosis and the use of TAVI among countries in the region. Reasons for these differences include anatomic variations, disparity in healthcare resources and infrastructure, and the lack of consensus on the optimal management of AS in the Asia-Pacific region.

Developing a Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are driving innovation in biosciences and are already affecting key elements of medical scholarship and clinical care. Many schools of medicine are capitalizing on the promise of these new technologies by establishing academic units to catalyze and grow research and innovation in AI/ML. At Stanford University, we have developed a successful model for an AI/ML research center with support from academic leaders, clinical departments, extramural grants, and industry partners.

Type and physical intensity of occupations at pulmonary TB diagnosis.

Background: Pulmonary TB (PTB) predominantly affects individuals of working age. We sought to characterise the occupations of people newly diagnosed with PTB in Karachi, Pakistan, by type and physical intensity.

Design/methods: We did a secondary analysis of data from a study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based chest X-ray (CXR) analysis software, where individuals had been evaluated for active PTB using sputum cultures and had provided information on occupation.

Incidental finding of MELAS in a young woman with decompensated heart failure and end stage kidney disease: a case report.

Background: Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a rare and progressive mitochondrial disorder characterized by multi-systemic involvement. This disease manifests in various clinical manifestations, with heart and kidney disorders being among the most common. Accurate diagnosis of MELAS often necessitates a range of complex investigations.

Pesticide safety behavior among vegetable farmers in Bangladesh: Evaluating the role of market aggregation services.

Pesticide use in Bangladesh is disproportionately high in vegetable farming compared to other crops like cereals, pulses, and cash crops. This study delves into the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pesticide use among vegetable farmers, focusing on the impact of a digital aggregation service implemented by Digital Green. Based on interviews with 120 vegetable farmers in the LOOP aggregation scheme and 120 non-LOOP vegetable farmers this study indicates that the farmers using the aggregation service have a moderately higher level of food safety knowledge.

MIS transoral technique for C1-C2 cord compression - Intricacies using a 360⁰ navigated approach.

Introduction: Surgeries in the occipitocervical and upper cervical region are always quite challenging and need adequate surgical experience and expertise. Especially in cases, where both anterior and posterior surgical access is required, complication rates could be significantly high. The transoral approach for the ventral pathologies of the upper cervical region has been previously described using the conventional open technique where post-operative morbidity is a concern.

Accelerating ASEAN's energy transition in the power sector through cross-border transmission and a net-zero 2050 view.

Faced with energy transition objectives, the ten countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have technology options to decarbonize power sector. This study investigates the hypothetical decarbonization pathways for ASEAN's power sector. Here, we present an integrated power system capacity expansion model for ASEAN over 2018-2050.

Transdisciplinary perspectives for health systems science.

Health systems science uses systems thinking as part of a transdisciplinary approach that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. It integrates and synthesizes knowledge from multiple disciplines to address real-world problems in healthcare with pragmatic solutions. This editorial defines health systems from the perspectives of systems thinking, science, and engineering, discusses their current challenges and opportunities, and envisions how health systems science as a field can advance the continuous learning and improvement of health systems.

Effect of Posterior Corneal Surgically Induced Astigmatism on Toric Intraocular Lens Power Calculations.

Background: To determine whether accounting for posterior corneal surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) would improve toric intraocular lens power calculation prediction error.

Methods: A total of 189 eyes of 148 patients undergoing routine cataract surgery were included in the study. Standard and posterior keratometry were measured pre- and postoperatively.

New Molecular Photoswitch Based on the Conformational Transition of Phenothiazine Derivatives and Corresponding Triplet Emission Properties.

Molecular photoswitch research has drawn much attention in the last century owing to its great potential in the development of smart materials. However, photoswitches suitable for constructing light-responsive luminescent materials remain limited, especially those involving triplet-state phosphorescence. Herein, we designed a novel molecular photoswitch based on the conformation transition of phenothiazine derivatives, minimizing steric hindrance (-CH > -Cl > -F) to regulate the conformation transition process while introducing a cyanobenzene acceptor to promote phosphorescence emission potential.

4-Week intervention combining kiwifruit consumption and small-sided soccer games improves sleep quality in children with overweight/obesity and pre-existing sleep problems.

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern associated with various health risks, including disrupted sleep patterns. This study investigated the effects of kiwifruit consumption and small-sided soccer games (SSSG) over 4 weeks on sleep patterns in overweight/obese children with sleep problems. Thirty-six participants, aged 8 to 12 years with a body mass index above the 85th percentile, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SSSG only ( = 12), SSSG-kiwifruit (SSSG-K,  = 12), or control (CG,  = 12).

Nonvolatile Magnonics in Bilayer Magnetic Insulators.

Nonvolatile control of spin order or spin excitations offers a promising avenue for advancing spintronics; however, practical implementation remains challenging. In this Letter, we propose a general framework to realize electrical control of magnons in 2D magnetic insulators. We demonstrate that in bilayer ferromagnetic insulators with strong spin-layer coupling, the electric field can effectively manipulate the spin exchange interactions between the layers, enabling nonvolatile control of the corresponding magnons.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.