Change surface regression for nonlinear subgroup identification with application to warfarin pharmacogenomics data.

Pharmacogenomics stands as a pivotal driver toward personalized medicine, aiming to optimize drug efficacy while minimizing adverse effects by uncovering the impact of genetic variations on inter-individual outcome variability. Despite its promise, the intricate landscape of drug metabolism introduces complexity, where the correlation between drug response and genes can be shaped by numerous nongenetic factors, often exhibiting heterogeneity across diverse subpopulations. This challenge is particularly pronounced in datasets such as the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetic Consortium (IWPC), which encompasses diverse patient information from multiple nations.

Draft genomes of fluoroquinolone-resistant subspecies strains isolated from Cambodian poultry marketplaces.

High-quality draft genomes of six subspecies strains from Cambodian poultry marketplaces were sequenced. The strains were identified as Corvallis-, Monschaui-, and Kentucky-serovars. The fluoroquinolone resistance gene, was found in three strains in different Cambodian provinces.

Enhancing Small-for-Gestational-Age Prediction: Multi-Country Validation of Nuchal Thickness, Estimated Fetal Weight, and Machine Learning Models.

Objective: The first objective is to develop a nuchal thickness reference chart. The second objective is to compare rule-based algorithms and machine learning models in predicting small-for-gestational-age infants.

Method: This retrospective study involved singleton pregnancies at University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, developed a nuchal thickness chart and evaluated its predictive value for small-for-gestational-age using Malaysian and Singapore cohorts.

Two Head and Neck Cancers in an Adult With Intellectual Disability and Rett Syndrome: A Case Report.

The cases of head and neck cancer among persons with intellectual disability (PWID) are infrequently reported and therefore poorly understood. PWID often face increased barriers of access to healthcare, which can be further compounded when faced with a cancer diagnosis. This report presents the case of a 34-year-old Chinese female patient with Rett syndrome and intellectual disability, presenting with two primary cancers of the tongue and the trachea.

Defining the Critical Requisites for Accurate Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics: Patient Characteristics and Data Collection Protocol.

Mathematical models of viral dynamics are crucial in understanding infection trajectories. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load data often includes limited sparse observations with significant heterogeneity. This study aims to: (1) understand the impact of patient characteristics in shaping the temporal viral load trajectory and (2) establish a data collection protocol (DCP) to reliably reconstruct individual viral load trajectories.

Crafting Hollow Spheres via Bulk Ice Melting with ppb-Level Gas Sensing Performance.

Ice melting, a common yet complex phenomenon, remains incompletely understood. While theoretical studies suggest that preexisting defects in ice generate "off-lattice" water molecules, triggering bulk ice melting, direct experimental evidence of their form has been lacking as the transparent and transient nature of ice poses significant challenges for observation with current techniques. Here, we introduce an ice-melting-induced lyophilization (IMIL) technique that employs graphene-based nanoprobes to replicate and track liquid evolution within melting bulk ice.

Maternal mental disorders, psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status, and offspring congenital anomalies.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between maternal mental health, purchase of psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status and major congenital anomalies in offspring.

Methods: A register-based cohort study of 6189 Finnish primiparous women who had a singleton delivery between 2009 and 2015. Data on pregnancy and delivery outcomes, psychiatric diagnosis, prescription drug purchases and offspring congenital anomalies were obtained from Finnish national registers.

Robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion: a complete workflow pilot feasibility study.

Background: Robotic-assisted spinal surgery has reportedly improved the accuracy of instrumentation with smaller incisions, improving surgical outcomes and reducing hospital stay. However, robot-assisted spine surgery has thus far been confined to placement of pedicle screw instrumentation only. This pilot study aims to explore the feasibility of utilizing the Mazor™ X Stealth Edition (Medtronic, Sofamor Danek USA), robotic-arm platform in the minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) procedure inclusive of interbody cage placement, in our institution.

Bioinformatics and molecular biology tools for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19.

Since December 2019, a new form of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has emerged worldwide, caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease was called COVID-19 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Symptoms can vary from a common cold to severe pneumonia, hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and death.

STDCformer: Spatial-temporal dual-path cross-attention model for fMRI-based autism spectrum disorder identification.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique widely utilized in the research of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), providing preliminary insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying ASD. Deep learning techniques have demonstrated significant potential in the analysis of rs-fMRI. However, accurately distinguishing between healthy control group and ASD has been a longstanding challenge.

Low serum serotonin is associated with functional decline, mild behavioural impairment and brain atrophy in dementia-free subjects.

Brain serotonin dysregulation is associated with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptomology. However, the prognostic utility of circulating serotonin levels in detecting features of prodromal dementia including functional decline, cognitive impairment, mild behavioural impairment and brain atrophy remains unclear. In this prospective study of memory clinic subjects followed-up for ≤5 years, dementia-free subjects, classified as having no cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment, no dementia at baseline, underwent annual neuropsychological assessments including Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Global Cognition scores and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Global Scores (where a ≥ 0.

Know your brain aging to know your resilience in neurodegenerative diseases.

This scientific commentary refers to 'Brain aging rejuvenation factors in adults with genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease', by Casaletto . (https://doi.org/10.

Influence of dietary protein and fiber intake interactions on the human gut microbiota composition and function: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Quantity and source of dietary protein intakes impact the gut microbiota differently. However, these effects have not been systematically studied. This review aimed to investigate these effects whilst controlling for fiber intake.

Epigenetic Control of Redox Pathways in Cancer Progression.

Growing evidence indicates the importance of redox reactions homeostasis, mediated predominantly by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in influencing the development, differentiation, progression, metastasis, programmed cell death, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance of cancer. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in cancer is fundamental to understanding the progression and prevention of cancer. We review in depth the molecular mechanisms involved in ROS-mediated epigenetic changes that lead to alteration of gene expression by altering DNA, modifying histones, and remodeling chromatin and noncoding RNA.

A comprehensive study of quantum arithmetic circuits.

In recent decades, the field of quantum computing has experienced remarkable progress. This progress is marked by the superior performance of many quantum algorithms compared with their classical counterparts, with Shor's algorithm serving as a prominent illustration. Quantum arithmetic circuits, which are the fundamental building blocks in numerous quantum algorithms, have attracted much attention.

The Future Hospital in Global Health Systems: The Future Hospital Within the Healthcare System.

Future hospitals must be able to adapt in many ways to the changing demands on their roles and functions within evolving healthcare delivery infrastructures. These include changing population structures and needs, new models of healthcare provision, technological advances, and innovations in design, all while enhancing their environmental sustainability. This article sets out the issues that those determining healthcare policy and designing future hospitals must consider if they are to become and remain fit for purpose within the wider health and social care system.

Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of adults with an intellectual disability admitted to acute general psychiatric wards in a Singapore hospital.

Background: People with an intellectual disability have a higher risk of developing mental disorders compared to the general population. Available evidence suggests those with an intellectual disability receiving inpatient treatment in general psychiatric wards may have certain unique characteristics.

Method: Data gathered from a retrospective review of records of adults with intellectual disability admitted to general psychiatry wards in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore were analysed.

Malnutrition in Spine Oncology: Where Are We and What Are We Measuring?

Study Design: Scoping review.

Objective: To identify which markers are used as surrogates for malnutrition in metastatic spine disease and which are the most studied outcomes associated with it.

Methods: A scoping review was performed by searching the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to July 2022.

The global prevalence of emotional eating in overweight and obese populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review aims to investigate the current prevalence of emotional eating and its associated factors in overweight and obese populations. We included studies that (1) reported prevalence of emotional eating; (2) were in the context of weight gain or overweight and obesity; (3) used a validated psychometric tool to assess emotional eating; (4) were published as an internationally referred journal article and (5) were reported in the English language. Articles were searched on eight electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science) from the journals' inception to 11 April 2024.

A Drug-Drug Interaction Study of Mobocertinib and Midazolam, a Cytochrome P450 3A Substrate, in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Mobocertinib is a kinase inhibitor designed to selectively target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. This drug-drug interaction study assessed the effect of multiple-dose administration of mobocertinib on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of midazolam, a sensitive cytochrome P450 3A substrate. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer refractory/intolerant to standard available therapy were enrolled.

Considering veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a first-line strategy for rewarming in accidental hypothermia complicated by cardiac arrest - a case series.

Severe accidental hypothermia can lead to cardiac arrest. The most efficient method of resuscitating and warming is by ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation). While the convention is to use VA ECMO (Veno Arterial ECMO), using VV ECMO (Veno Venous ECMO) in which the blood is returned directly into the right ventricle could be an alternative and lead to conversion to life sustaining cardiac rhythm.

Systematic bibliographic analysis of heavy metal remediation.

Heavy metals pose a significant threat to human health, with contaminated water sources linked to severe conditions, including gastric cancer. Consequently, the effective remediation of heavy metals is crucial. This study employs a bibliographic analysis to examine key methodologies, leading organizations, and prominent countries involved in heavy metal remediation.