Multivariate stochastic modeling for transcriptional dynamics with cell-specific latent time using SDEvelo.

Recently, RNA velocity has driven a paradigmatic change in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies, allowing the reconstruction and prediction of directed trajectories in cell differentiation and state transitions. Most existing methods of dynamic modeling use ordinary differential equations (ODE) for individual genes without applying multivariate approaches. However, this modeling strategy inadequately captures the intrinsically stochastic nature of transcriptional dynamics governed by a cell-specific latent time across multiple genes, potentially leading to erroneous results.

Prevalence of burnout and its determinants among Indonesian nurses: a multicentre study.

Frontline health workers face a significant issue concerning mental health, particularly stress and burnout. Nurses, being among them, grapple with this problem. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of burnout among nurses.

Biophysical effects of croplands on land surface temperature.

Converting natural vegetation to croplands alters the local land surface energy budget. Here, we use two decades of satellite data and a physics-based framework to analyse the biophysical mechanisms by which croplands influence daily mean land surface temperature (LST). Globally, 60% of croplands exhibit an annual warming effect, while 40% have a cooling effect compared to their surrounding natural ecosystems.

Wearable non-invasive neuroprosthesis for targeted sensory restoration in neuropathy.

Peripheral neuropathy (PN), the most common complication of diabetes, leads to sensory loss and associated health issues as pain and increased fall risk. However, present treatments do not counteract sensory loss, but only partially manage its consequences. Electrical neural stimulation holds promise to restore sensations, but its efficacy and benefits in PN damaged nerves are yet unknown.

An antibody cocktail targeting two different CD73 epitopes enhances enzyme inhibition and tumor control.

CD73, an ectoenzyme responsible for adenosine production, is often elevated in immuno-suppressive tumor environments. Inhibition of CD73 activity holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for CD73-expressing cancers. In this study, we have developed a therapeutic anti-human CD73 antibody cocktail, HB0045.

A coopetition-driven strategy of parallel/perpendicular aromatic stacking enabling metastable supramolecular polymerization.

Metastable supramolecular polymerization under kinetic control has recently been recognized as a closer way to biosystem than thermodynamic process. While impressive works on metastable supramolecular systems have been reported, the library of available non-covalent driving modes is still small and a simple yet versatile solution is highly desirable to design for easily regulating the energy landscapes of metastable aggregation. Herein, we propose a coopetition-driven metastability strategy for parallel/perpendicular aromatic stacking to construct metastable supramolecular polymers derived from a class of simple monomers consisting of lateral indoles and aromatic core.

Localized molecular chaperone synthesis maintains neuronal dendrite proteostasis.

Proteostasis is maintained through regulated protein synthesis and degradation and chaperone-assisted protein folding. However, this is challenging in neuronal projections because of their polarized morphology and constant synaptic proteome remodeling. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we discover that hippocampal and spinal cord motor neurons of mouse and human origin localize a subset of chaperone mRNAs to their dendrites and use microtubule-based transport to increase this asymmetric localization following proteotoxic stress.

Robust ferromagnetism in wafer-scale FeGaTe above room-temperature.

The discovery of ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) materials has enriched the understanding of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic orders and opened new avenues for fundamental physics research and next generation spintronics. However, achieving ferromagnetic order at room temperature, along with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, remains a significant challenge. In this work, we report wafer-scale growth of vdW ferromagnet FeGaTe using molecular beam epitaxy.

High-performance 2D electronic devices enabled by strong and tough two-dimensional polymer with ultra-low dielectric constant.

As the feature size of microelectronic circuits is scaling down to nanometer order, the increasing interconnect crosstalk, resistance-capacitance (RC) delay and power consumption can limit the chip performance and reliability. To address these challenges, new low-k dielectric (k < 2) materials need to be developed to replace current silicon dioxide (k = 3.9) or SiCOH, etc.

Amorphous Carbon Monolayer: A van der Waals Interface for High-Performance Metal Oxide Semiconductor Devices.

Ultrasmall-scale semiconductor devices (≤5 nm) are advancing technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. However, the further scaling of these devices poses critical challenges, such as interface properties and oxide quality, particularly at the high-/semiconductor interface in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. Existing interlayer (IL) methods, typically exceeding 1 nm thickness, are unsuitable for ultrasmall-scale devices.

Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers.

Identifying the Knowledge and Capacity Gaps in Southeast Asian Insect Conservation.

Insects represent most of terrestrial animal biodiversity, and multiple reports suggest that their populations are declining globally due to anthropogenic impacts. Yet, a high proportion of insect species remain undescribed and limited data on their population dynamics hamper insect conservation efforts. This is particularly critical in tropical biodiversity hotspots such as Southeast Asia.

Molecular Design of Positively Charged 3D Covalent-Organic Framework Membranes for Li/Mg Separation.

3D covalent-organic framework (3D COF) membranes have unique features such as smaller pore sizes and more interconnected networks compared with 2D COF counterparts. However, the complicated and unmanageable fabrication hinders their rapid development. Molecular simulation, which can efficiently explore the structure-performance relationship of membranes, holds great promise in accelerating the development of 3D COF membranes.

Do Factors Influencing Acceptance of Kidney Stone Formers as Donors Predict Subsequent Stone Events?

Purpose: This study aimed to assess whether kidney stone burden and risk factors at the time of kidney donor evaluation were associated with a symptomatic stone event post-donor evaluation.

Methods: We identified adults evaluated at Mayo Clinic (two sites) (2000-2011) for living kidney donation and had either a personal history or radiological evidence of kidney stone disease. We analyzed demographics, stone risk factors, stone number/size, and the committee's donation decision and reasons.

Hyperspectral Metachip-Based 3D Spatial Map for Cancer Cell Screening and Quantification.

In this paper, compact terahertz (THz) metachips for hyperspectral screening and quantitative evaluation of human cancer cells is reported. This pixelated resonant metachips feature the resonance channel from 1 and 3 THz frequency with a record-high quality factor (up to 230). Through the interactions of various cancer cells of different concentrations, high-dimensional spectral signatures are obtained, which are further transformed into a spatial map for labelling and quantification purposes.

RNA-ModX: a multilabel prediction and interpretation framework for RNA modifications.

Accurate prediction of RNA modifications holds profound implications for elucidating RNA function and mechanism, with potential applications in drug development. Here, the RNA-ModX presents a highly precise predictive model designed to forecast post-transcriptional RNA modifications, complemented by a user-friendly web application tailored for seamless utilization by future researchers. To achieve exceptional accuracy, the RNA-ModX systematically explored a range of machine learning models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit, and Transformer-based architectures.

Piecing together the narrative of #longcovid: an unsupervised deep learning of 1,354,889 X (formerly Twitter) posts from 2020 to 2023.

Objective: To characterize the public conversations around long COVID, as expressed through X (formerly Twitter) posts from May 2020 to April 2023.

Methods: Using X as the data source, we extracted tweets containing #long-covid, #long_covid, or "long covid," posted from May 2020 to April 2023. We then conducted an unsupervised deep learning analysis using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT).

Establishing clinical research networks for future infectious disease outbreak responses in Southeast Asia: Report of a workshop on challenges and opportunities.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for well-established clinical research networks capable of rapid response during infectious disease outbreaks. In Southeast Asia, the absence of active research networks at the onset of the COVID-19 contributed to gaps in regional preparedness. This manuscript discusses the challenges and opportunities identified during a regional workshop held in Singapore (February 26 to March 1, 2024), which brought together 130 stakeholders from across the region.

Performance of Risk-Stratification Scores for Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.

Guidelines recommend risk stratification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients to guide management. There are currently several risk stratification scores available, which have largely been validated in various pulmonary hypertension registries in the West but not in Asia. We aim to study the performance of these different risk scores in PAH patients from a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Modulating the aroma and taste profile of soybean using novel strains for fermentation.

A key factor influencing consumer acceptance of soybean products is the aroma and taste profile, which can be modulated through fermentation using unique microbial strains. This study aimed to identify and characterize novel microbial strains with the potential to enhance flavour profiles including umami, while reducing undesirable flavour notes such as beany aromas. The results showed an 800% (8-fold) increase in free amino acids in samples fermented with , which correlated with an increase in umami intensity as measured using an E-tongue.

Unmasking Subglottic Stenosis in an Asthmatic Emergency Needing Front-of-Neck Access: A Case Report.

Subglottic stenosis poses a rare but life-threatening risk for difficult tracheal intubation. Here, we report a unique case of undiagnosed subglottic stenosis discovered during emergency intubation of an 80-year-old woman with type 2 respiratory failure from infective exacerbation of asthma. A small calibre size 5.

Deciphering the roles of non-coding RNAs in liposarcoma development: Challenges and opportunities for translational therapeutic advances.

Liposarcoma is one of the most prevalent forms of soft tissue sarcoma, and its prognosis is highly dependent on its molecular subtypes. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can bind various cellular targets to regulate carcinogenesis. By affecting the expressions and activities of their downstream targets post-transcriptionally, dysregulations of miRNAs can alter different oncogenic signalling pathways, mediating liposarcoma progression.

Global, regional and national burden due to retinoblastoma in children aged younger than 10 years from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB), an aggressive intraocular malignancy, significantly adds to the global disease burden in early childhood. This study offers insights into the global burden of retinoblastoma (RB) in children aged 0-9 years, examining incidence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2021, across age, sex, location, and SDI levels. It aims to inform health policy, resource allocation, and RB combat strategies.

Cellulose nanofibril enhanced ionic conductive hydrogels with high stretchability, high toughness and self-adhesive ability for flexible strain sensors.

Preparation of ion-conductive hydrogels with excellent mechanics, good conductivity and adhesiveness is promising for flexible sensors, but remains a challenge. Here, we prepare a self-adhesive and ion-conductive hydrogel by introducing cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and ZnSO into a covalently-crosslinked poly (acrylamide-co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid) (P(AM-co-AMPS)) network. Owing to the hydrogen bonding and metal coordination interactions among P(AM-co-AMPS) chains, CNF, and Zn, the resulting P(AM-co-AMPS)/CNF/ZnSO hydrogel exhibits high stretchability (1092 %), high toughness (244 kJ m), and skin-like elasticity (3.

A Three-Dimensional, Flexible Conductive Network Based on an MXene/Rubber Composite for Lithium Metal Anodes.

Flexibility enhancement is a pressing issue in the current development of advanced lithium-metal battery applications. Many types of organic polymers are inherently flexible, which can form a composite structure enhancing electrode flexibility. However, organic polymers have a negative influence on the plating and stripping of lithium-metal anodes, and the large number of polymers block the pore of the material, reducing the utilization of the active site.