Folinic acid as a treatment for autism in children: A within-subjects open-label study on safety and efficacy.

The folate cycle has been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism due to its role in the glutathione oxidative stress pathway, amino acid and DNA methylation reactions, and neurotransmitter synthesis pathway. Previous research on folinic acid supplementation in autistic children has suggested potential benefits. The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine the safety, feasibility and efficacy of oral folinic acid in improving communication and behaviour in autistic children.

Guidelines for preparation and flow cytometry analysis of human nonlymphoid tissue DC.

This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs, and various nonlymphoid tissues. Within this article, detailed protocols are presented that allow for the generation of single-cell suspensions from human nonlymphoid tissues including lung, skin, gingiva, intestine as well as from tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes with a subsequent analysis of dendritic cells by flow cytometry. Further, prepared single-cell suspensions can be subjected to other applications including cellular enrichment procedures, RNA sequencing, functional assays, etc.

Patient Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Adult Asthma in a Singapore Population: Data from the SDG-CARE Asthma Registry.

Purpose: Patients with asthma in Singapore often have complex patient journeys, with diagnosis and management across various primary and speciality care settings. Real-world population health data is needed to identify care gaps and inform policies.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study assessed real-world data from adults (aged ≥18 years) with asthma in the SingHealth Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Data Mart, an integrated database of electronic medical records of patients who attended primary and/or speciality care clinics in the SingHealth Regional Health System 01/01/2015-12/31/2020.

Differential contributions of fetal mononuclear phagocytes to Zika virus neuroinvasion versus neuroprotection during congenital infection.

Fetal immune cell functions during congenital infections are poorly understood. Zika virus (ZIKV) can vertically transmit from mother to fetus, causing nervous system infection and congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS). We identified differential functional roles for fetal monocyte/macrophage cell types and microglia in ZIKV dissemination versus clearance using mouse models.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages as a platform for modelling human disease.

Macrophages are innate immune cells that are present in essentially all tissues, where they have vital roles in tissue development, homeostasis and pathogenesis. The importance of macrophages in tissue function is reflected by their association with various human diseases, and studying macrophage functions in both homeostasis and pathological tissue settings is a promising avenue for new targeted therapies that will improve human health. The ability to generate macrophages from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has revolutionized macrophage biology, with the generation of iPS cell-derived macrophages (iMacs) providing unlimited access to genotype-specific cells that can be used to model various human diseases involving macrophage dysregulation.

Notch signaling regulates macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

The liver macrophage population comprises resident Kupffer cells (KCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages with distinct pro- or anti-inflammatory properties that affect the severity and course of liver diseases. The mechanisms underlying macrophage differentiation and functions in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and/or steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH) remain mostly unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and fate mapping of hepatic macrophage subpopulations, we unraveled the temporal and spatial dynamics of distinct monocyte and monocyte-derived macrophage subsets in MASH.

Prediction of difficult round window visibility during cochlear implantation via a reformatted CT facial recess view: A retrospective study with surgical correlation.

Background And Purpose: Cochlear implant surgery is performed commonly through the facial recess via the round window (RW) approach. This study aims to evaluate the utility of reformatting the pre-operative CT temporal bone scan into a CT facial recess view in alerting surgeons to a potentially difficult surgery with poorly visualized round window.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 41 patients (43 ears), who had undergone cochlear implant surgery.

TREM2-Expressing Multinucleated Giant Macrophages Are a Biomarker of Good Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Novel individual biomarkers are needed to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with head and neck cancer. We report for the first time, granulomas of TREM2-expressing multinucleated giant macrophages in keratin-rich tumor niches, as a biomarker of favorable prognosis and developed a deep-learning model to automate its quantification on routinely stained pathological slides.

Metastatic Leiomyoma With Malignant Transformation Harboring RAB2A-PLAG1 Fusion-A Case Report and Review With Molecular Analysis.

Metastasizing leiomyoma is a rare condition characterized by the development of benign-appearing smooth muscle neoplasms at extrauterine sites in patients with a history of uterine leiomyoma. These lesions occur most commonly in the lung, with the abdominopelvic and mediastinal lymph nodes being other reported sites. Malignant transformation of metastasizing leiomyoma is extremely rare, with only a few cases described in the literature.

Impact of slit compared with nonslit mesh in laparoscopic groin hernia repairs-A comprehensive propensity score analysis of a cohort of 611 hernias.

Background: The slit-mesh technique for laparoscopic groin hernia repair remains controversial. We present the largest cohort of patients to date that have undergone laparoscopic hernia repair with this technique and aim to evaluate the impact of both techniques on postoperative recurrence and other secondary outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective, single-institution cohort study of patients who underwent a laparoscopic groin hernia repair over a 5.

Recruited atypical Ly6G macrophages license alveolar regeneration after lung injury.

The lung is constantly exposed to airborne pathogens and particles that can cause alveolar damage. Hence, appropriate repair responses are essential for gas exchange and life. Here, we deciphered the spatiotemporal trajectory and function of an atypical population of macrophages after lung injury.

A prM mutation that attenuates dengue virus replication in human cells enhances midgut infection in mosquitoes.

Dengue viruses (DENVs), like all viruses, evolve to perpetuate transmission of their species in their hosts. However, how DENV genetics influences dengue disease outbreaks remains poorly understood. Here, we examined isolates of the South Pacific dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) that emerged in the 1970s and caused major dengue outbreaks in islands in this region until it reached Tonga, where only a few mild cases were reported.

The "what, why, and how?" of story completion in health services research: a scoping review.

Background: The story completion method provides a different way of doing qualitative research. We note the emergent popularity of this method in health-related research, while much remains to be negotiated in terms of best practices for such studies. This scoping review aims to provide a synthesis on how researchers have used the story completion method in health services research.

Transcriptomic convergence despite genomic divergence drive field cancerization in synchronous squamous tumors.

Introduction: Field cancerization is suggested to arise from imbalanced differentiation in individual basal progenitor cells leading to clonal expansion of mutant cells that eventually replace the epithelium, although without evidence.

Methods: We performed deep sequencing analyses to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of field change in two patients with synchronous aerodigestive tract tumors.

Results: Our data support the emergence of numerous genetic alterations in cancer-associated genes but refutes the hypothesis that founder mutation(s) underpin this phenomenon.

Association of quality-of-care indicators with asthma outcomes: A retrospective observational study for asthma care in Singapore.

Introduction: Asthma guidelines have advocated for the use of quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) in asthma management. To improve asthma care, it is important to identify effective QCIs that are actionable. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the presence of 3 QCIs: asthma education, Asthma Control Test (ACT) and spirometry testing on the time to severe exacerbation (TTSE).