Infant and child mortality in Afghanistan: A scoping review.

Background And Aims: Since 1990, global child and infant mortality rates have typically stabilized or decreased due to improved healthcare, vaccination rollouts, and international funding. However, Afghanistan continues to face the highest child and infant mortality rates globally, with 43 deaths per 1000 live births. This study aims to examine the factors contributing to this high mortality rate and propose interventions to address the issue.

The impact of antibiotic resistance on the rampant spread of infectious diseases in Pakistan: Insights from a narrative review.

Background And Aims: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health emergency which has seen an uptick in low- to middle-income countries in recent times due to a plethora of aggravating factors and has led to a whole host of setting-specific pathogens registering high rates of resistance, causing outbreaks with graver mortality and morbidity. This review analyzes available literature to determine the causes and effects of ABR and recommend solutions to the problem in a Pakistani setting.

Methods: Sources for this narrative review were identified via electronic databases using keyword search methods.

The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review.

Background: Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions.

The rise of diarrheal illnesses in the children of Pakistan amidst COVID-19: A narrative review.

Background: In Pakistan, 74 children out of 1000 lose their lives annually due to diarrheal illness. This commentary addresses the contributing factors aggravating this growing dilemma and the effect of a simultaneous rise in COVID-19 cases in a healthcare system ready to collapse, along with providing recommendations to alleviate the problems causing this spike in diarrheal cases.

Methods: This narrative review has emphasized the causes of the spike in pediatric diarrheal illnesses in Pakistan as well as recommendations offered to lessen the burden by incorporating recent literature ( = 68).

Tracing the origins of glioblastoma by investigating the role of gliogenic and related neurogenic genes/signaling pathways in GBM development: a systematic review.

Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors. The etiology and the factors determining its onset are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the origins of GBM, and for this purpose, it focuses primarily on developmental gliogenic processes.

Practice and effect of pesticide use on farmers' health in Sindh, Pakistan.

Objective: To identify the frequency and mode of pesticide application, its adverse health effects, and to assess farmers' knowledge and practice of precautionary measures.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Matli, Badin in the Sindh province of Pakistan from February to April 2020, and comprised farmers. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a validated questionnaire.

Change in Student's perceptions of the learning environment after a period of exposure: A mixed method approach with quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Objective: To compare change in students'perceptions of learning environment at the time of their enrollment and after moving to the second semester.

Methods: The mixed method quantitative-qualitative studywas conducted in two parts at the Pathology Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi,from Marchto October, 2018, and comprised undergraduate medical students. Data was collected using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measurein phase one.