Diagnostic Dilemma Of Biotinidase Deficiency: Case Of A Child From Pakistan.

Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive in born error of metabolism which is characterized by the lack of cleavage of biotin. This disease has been reported very rarely with the incidence found to be 1 per 60,089 and 1 per 112,271 of live births, respectively. This condition has profound effects on the neurological system, various neurocutaneous manifestations and metabolic derangements.

Cerebral malaria: insight into pathogenesis, complications and molecular biomarkers.

Cerebral malaria is a medical emergency. All patients with malaria with neurologic manifestations of any degree should be urgently treated as cases of cerebral malaria. Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is due to damaged vascular endothelium by parasite sequestration, inflammatory cytokine production and vascular leakage, which result in brain hypoxia, as indicated by increased lactate and alanine concentrations.

Frontal lobe alterations in schizophrenia: a review.

Objective:: To highlight the changes in the frontal lobe of the human brain in people with schizophrenia.

Methods:: This was a qualitative review of the literature.

Results:: Many schizophrenic patients exhibit functional, structural, and metabolic abnormalities in the frontal lobe.

Lead-induced morphometric changes in the kidneys of albino rats ameliorated by ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761).

Objective: To observe the effects of ginkgo biloba extract on lead-induced morphometric changes in the kidneys of albino rats.

Methods: This randomised controlled study was conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from April 2009 to March 2010, and comprised male Wistar albino rats weighing between 150-180 gm who were randomly divided into three equal groups, A, B and C. These were further split into subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4 according to the duration of the experiment (one, two, four and six weeks).

Inverse relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Background: The AD etiology is yet not properly known. Interactions among environmental factors, multiple susceptibility genes and aging, contribute to AD. This study investigates the factors that play role in causing AD and how changes in cellular pathways contribute to AD.

Frequency of Her2/neu expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma: a study from developing South Asian Country.

Background: Human Epidermal Growth Factor (Her-2/neu) has strong therapeutic implications in certain cancers like breast and gastric cancer. Literature on its frequency in colorectal cancer is scarce. In this study, we have investigated the frequency of Her-2/neu expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas and its association with various clinicopathological variables.

Concern over Zika virus outbreak: another alarming global threat.

Zika virus, as highlighted by the World Health Organization in February 2016, has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral, and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. It belongs to Flaviviridae family.

Complementing theory with practice to enhance Students' learning.

Background: Combining cognitive skills teaching related to the techniques leads to better understanding in a skill training course; but still there a substantial disagreement in curriculum on such combinations. This study aims to help guide the designers in making the outline of instructional plan for a Clinical Skills Module (CSM) for the undergraduates. Objectives were to assess performance of students on a clinical skill after training by two different models of (hands-on only or with cognitive skills) instructions and explore their perception on the employment of educational strategies through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) through a Sequential mixed method study design: (1) Quantitative (Pre- and post-assessments and comparing their results (2) Qualitative (Exploration of perspectives through constructivist approach using qualitative phenomenological design) The study was conducted during the month of September, 2015 at Rabigh Medical College, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah.

Role of Pitavastatin in Prevention of Osteopenic Changes in Ovariectomized Rats.

Objective: To determine the effect of pitavastatin, a third generation statin, on development of osteopenia in ovariectomized rats.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, from January to July 2013.

Multiple Enteroenteric Fistulas- Crohn's Disease- A Case Report.

Crohn's disease is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of unknown etiology that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus and shows extra-intestinal involvement. It characteristically shows skip lesions. This case report reported in 2014 describes a middle age Pakistani male known to have documented evidence of significant crohn's disease since past 18 years.

Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in population with arthralgia presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To evaluate patients presenting to healthcare facilities because of joint pain and subsequently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted from August 1, 2013,to January 20, 2014, at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised patients presenting with joint pain. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and patients were diagnosed using American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria.

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Ovarian Metastasis and Underlying Horse Shoe Kidney.

Adrenal metastasis from ovarian malignancy is extremely rare. Very few cases in literature have reported surgical removal of isolated adrenal metastasis in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Presence of horse shoe kidney can impose technical challenges in patients planned for laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Premature craniosynostosis in a rare genetic disease- a case report.

Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder inherited in autosomal dominant pattern with complete penetration and variable expressivity. Its most notable characteristic feature is premature synostosis of cranial sutures The case presented is of a 4 yr old boy with box like head with microcephaly, protuberant eyes, hydrocephalus, low visual acquity diagnosed as a case of crouzon syndrome after clinical and radiological assessment.

Social network utilization (Facebook) & e-Professionalism among medical students.

Objective: To find out the frequency and contents of online social networking (Facebook) among medical students of Dow University of Health Sciences.

Methods: The sample of the study comprised of final year students of two medical colleges of Dow University of Health Sciences - Karachi. Systematic search for the face book profiles of the students was carried out with a new Facebook account.

Association between changes in the angle of mandible and reduced bone mineral density.

Objective: To establish an association between the angle of mandible on an orthopantomogram (OPG) with reduced bone mineral density of femoral neck and spine on Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, from December 2011 to July 2012.

Shaving effects on percutaneous penetration: clinical implications.

Context: Human/animal shaving biology.

Objective: To assess the effect of shaving on percutaneous penetration and skin function.

Methods: We screened 500+publications in Pub Med, Scopus, Cochrane Library and pertinent journals out of which only 17 were deemed relevant.

Prevalence and emerging resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract infections in Karachi.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in sputum cultures from patients with lower respiratory tract infection and their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.

Methods: The study comprised sputum specimens of 776 patients at various branches of Dr Essa's Diagnostic Lab, Karachi. The specimens were cultured on blood, chocolate, and eosin methylene blue agars between October 2010 and October 2011.