AI-enabled workflow for automated classification and analysis of feto-placental Doppler images.

Introduction: Extraction of Doppler-based measurements from feto-placental Doppler images is crucial in identifying vulnerable new-borns prenatally. However, this process is time-consuming, operator dependent, and prone to errors.

Methods: To address this, our study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) enabled workflow for automating feto-placental Doppler measurements from four sites (i.

Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Low Dose Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine on Haemodynamic Parameters in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Prostate.

Objective: To determine the role of dexmedetomidine in potentiating the local anaesthetic efficacy of a low dose of bupivacaine when used as an adjuvant.

Study Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomised study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from July 2021 to February 2022.

Biosensors with left ventricular assist devices.

Heart failure imposes a significant global health burden, standing as a primary contributor to mortality. Various indicators and physiological shifts within the body may hint at distinct cardiac conditions. Specific biosensors have the capability to identify these changes.

Clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a systematic review.

Background: Knowledge about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is evolving, and evidence-based standardised diagnostic and management protocols are lacking. Our review aims to summarise the clinical and diagnostic features, management strategies and outcomes of MIS-C and evaluate the variances in disease parameters and outcomes between high-income countries (HIC) and middle-income countries (MIC).

Methods: We searched four databases from December 2019 to March 2023.

Understanding ureteroscopy complications according to modified Clavien classification system.

Objective: To determine the complications of ureteric stone treatment with semi-rigid uretero-renoscopy in accordance with the modified Clavien classification system.

Methods: The descriptive, prospective study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, from June 30, 2020, to December 29, 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged 18-70 years having ureteric stones. All patients were subjected to ureterorenoscopy using a semi-rigid ureteroscope under general anaesthesia.

Management of Tacrolimus-Induced Toxicity With Normal Serum Levels After Liver Transplant.

Drug-induced liver injury after liver transplant occurs in 1.7% of patients. Tacrolimus is an effective immunosuppressant that is used to treat acute rejection.

3D bio scaffold support osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

The regeneration of osteochondral lesions by tissue engineering techniques is challenging due to the lack of physicochemical characteristics and dual-lineage (osteogenesis and chondrogenesis). A scaffold with better mechanical properties and dual lineage capability is required for the regeneration of osteochondral defects. In this study, a hydrogel prepared from decellularized human umbilical cord tissue was developed and evaluated for osteochondral regeneration.

Recent International Consensus-Based Changes in the Diagnostic Criteria and Nomenclature of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

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Enhancing Quality of Congenital Heart Care Within Resource-Limited Settings.

Over 90% of the world's children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are born in the resources poor settings of low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). The shortfall in human and material resources and dysfunctional health systems leads to poor quality of care (QoC) which contributes substantially to suboptimal outcomes of patients with CHD in LMICs. Notwithstanding these challenges, it is possible to develop a quality improvement (QI) framework that can have a significant impact on outcomes and prevent a number of deaths.

Large animal models to study effectiveness of therapy devices in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is limited by the lack of a robust in vivo model. Existing in-vivo models attempt to reproduce the four main phenotypes of HFpEF; ageing, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. To date, there is no in vivo model that represents all the haemodynamic characteristics of HFpEF, and only a few have proven to be reliable for the preclinical evaluation of potentially new therapeutic targets.

Moya Moya Disease: A rare disease with a common presenting symptom in a chronic kidney disease patient.

Moya Moya Disease (MDD) is a rare cerebrovascular pathology. It is non atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral internal carotid stenosis or occlusion, and abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Here we report a case of young female who presented in emergency with complaints of jerky movements of limbs for six months and history of recently developed unusual high blood pressure which was followed by uremic symptoms.

Zinc enhances the cell adhesion, migration, and self-renewal potential of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant trace element after Fe, present in the human body. It is frequently reported in association with cell growth and proliferation, and its deficiency is considered to be a major disease contributing factor.

Aim: To determine the effect of Zn on growth and proliferation of human umbilical cord (hUC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Congenital Cardiac Catheterization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The International Quality Improvement Collaborative Catheterization Registry.

Background: No published data are available on the patient, procedural characteristics, and outcomes of congenital heart disease (CHD) cardiac catheterization performed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe procedural characteristics and patient outcomes of CHD cardiac catheterizations in LMICs.

Methods: Cases performed between January 2019 and December 2020 from 15 centers in the International Quality Improvement Collaborative Congenital Heart Disease Catheterization Registry (IQIC-CHDCR) data were included.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour of the kidney masquerading as hydatid cyst: a rare case report from the developing world.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour (MEST) is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.2% among renal cancers. It has strong predilection towards females with a 1:6 male to female ratio, the tumour is cystic with some solid component with biphasic proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells.

Rare and heterogeneous manifestations of leucocyte adhesion deficiency type 1: report of two cases with diagnostic dilemmas and novel ITGB2 mutation.

Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are rare disorders with heterogeneous manifestations, overlapping with other diseases such as autoimmunity, malignancy, and infections. This makes the diagnosis very challenging and delays management. Leucocyte adhesion defects (LAD) are a group of PIDs in which patients lack adhesion molecules on leukocytes needed for their emigration through blood vessels to the site of infection.

Clinical Characteristics and Comparison of Different Prognostic Scores in Wilson's Disease.

Aim: Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, that can involve any organ of the body, the main ones being the liver and the brain. These patients can have varied presentations, ranging from having no symptoms to having neurological manifestations to features of chronic liver disease (CLD). Those patients that end up having CLD are prognosticated the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score.

The pattern of RNA integrity and the expression of housekeeping genes are influenced by sodium hypochlorite and ascorbic acid.

Background: Basic biological science research deals with nucleic acid isolation. Post-isolation nucleic acid integrity has a pivotal role in further elucidating gene expression and other molecular mechanisms. RNA (ribonucleic acid), cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid), and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) products' integrity and quality are affected by several factors in biochemical and biophysical degradation modes.

The prevalence of pharmacogenetic variants of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene (rs9923231), cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 gene (rs1799853) and cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily-A member-5 gene (rs776746) among 13 ethnic groups of Pakistan.

Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) plays a central role in the selection of targeted therapies that underpins precision-medicine. We investigated the prevalence of three important pharmacogenetic variants of VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP3A5 genes among Pakistani populations.

Methods: A total of 1104 individuals were included representing thirteen major ethnicities.