Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam versus ceftolozane-tazobactam for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the USA (CACTUS): a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.

Background: Ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam are preferred treatment options for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections; however, real-world comparative effectiveness studies are scarce. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between the agents might affect clinical response rates. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam for treatment of invasive multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa infections.

PRE1BRAZIL Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of the DPP-4 Inhibitor Alogliptin in Delaying the Progression of Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: The incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is on the rise. Since there is no curative treatment, it is urgent to look for therapies that can delay disease progression and protect pancreatic β-cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) have shown potential in modulating inflammation and preventing β-cell destruction.

Impact of an inpatient pharmacist-driven renal dosing policy on order verification time and patient safety.

Research regarding pharmacist-driven renal dosing policies has focused on cost savings or prevention of adverse drug events. However, little is known about how these policies influence time from order signature to order verification or how this efficiency may reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes. The primary endpoint compared time from prescriber electronic order signature to pharmacist electronic order verification between pre- and post-renal dosing policy implementation.

Role of Bowel Preparation in Adenoma Detection Rate and Follow-up Recommendations in African American Dominant Patient Population.

Introduction: Bowel preparation quality in colonoscopy is one of the most essential components of quality assessment. According to the latest guidelines, inadequate bowel preparation warrants repeat colonoscopy in less than a year. Our aim was to investigate the role of bowel preparation in adenoma detection rate (ADR), its relationship with patients' demographics, and compliance with subsequent surveillance recommendations with guidelines.

Ipilimumab and Nivolumab-Induced Colitis in a Patient With Recurrent Metastatic Melanoma.

Ipilimumab and nivolumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors that have recently been used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other cancers. Immune-mediated colitis is one of their adverse events that need to be differentiated from low-grade diarrhea as one of the most common side effects. A 51-year-old woman with relapsed metastatic melanoma presented with intractable diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and generalized abdominal pain.

The Value of Screening for Bicuspid Aortic Valve in First Degree Family Members.

A 54-year-old male with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea presented with a two-week history of dyspnea. The patient was hypoxic with bilateral leg edema. Initial workup showed elevated troponin at 0.

Evaluating the Improvement in Colonoscopy Quality Indicators Subsequent to Publication of Professional Society Guidelines.

Introduction  Quality metrics of colonoscopy should be routinely monitored with a focus on optimizing the patient's subsequent risk of colorectal cancer development. Documentation of bowel preparation, adenoma detection rate (ADR), and post-colonoscopy follow-up recommendations are three of the most important quality indicators for colonoscopy, but significant improvement has been challenging to achieve. The goal of this study is to determine whether the publication of colonoscopy quality indicator guidelines in 2015 resulted in an improvement in quality measures of physicians in our endoscopy suite as compared to before.

Trends and predictors of coronary revascularization in patients with coronary artery anomalies and acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide analysis of 8131 patients.

Objective: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is rarely associated with coronary artery anomalies (CAA). This confluence makes it difficult to identify and treat the culprit lesion with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our objective was to evaluate trends and predictors of revascularization in patients with CAA and AMI using a large national database.

An Unforeseeable Complication; Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy after Penetrating Injury to the Heart.

Trauma surgeons are currently encountering unusual adverse events after traumatic injuries. Ischemic optic neuropathy is a rare complication that may occur in trauma and burn patients that present in extremis and require massive resuscitation. A 29-year-old male patient sustains a penetrating injury to the heart that required primary repair.

Clival Chordoma: Case Report and Review of Recent Developments in Surgical and Adjuvant Treatments.

Chordomas are rare tumors that can develop anywhere along the craniospinal axis. These tumors present challenges with respect to diagnosis and treatment due to a high rate of recurrence, even after multiple surgeries, and the propensity to involve any region within the craniospinal axis. New developments in radiation therapy have improved recurrence-free survival in patients with chordomas.

Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina: cytomorphology of previously unreported case.

Squamous carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the vagina. Other malignancies include adenocarcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and very rarely, neuroendocrine carcinoma/small-cell carcinoma. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) has not been reported in this location.

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma initially presenting as invasive aspergillosis: a case report of previously unreported combination.

Carcinosarcoma of the lung is a malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma elements. The carcinomatous component is most commonly squamous followed by adenocarcinoma. The sarcomatous component commonly comprises the bulk of the tumor and shows poorly differentiated spindle cell features.

Utility of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid nodules.

Background: Thyroid nodules are common among adults though only a small percentage is malignant, which can histologically mimic benign nodules. Accurate diagnosis of these thyroid nodules is critical for the proper clinical management.

Methods: We investigated immunoexpression in 98 surgically removed benign thyroid nodules including 52 hyperplastic nodules (HN) and 46 follicular/Hurthle cell adenomas (FA), and 54 malignant tumors including 22 follicular carcinoma (FC), 20 classic papillary carcinoma (PTC), and 12 follicular variant papillary carcinoma (FVPC).

Eustachian valve endocarditis: a rare complication of automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement.

Eustachian valve (EV) endocarditis is extremely rare and often difficult to diagnose. An extensive review of the English literature has shown no report of EV endocarditis as a complication of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD). A rare case is reported following AICD placement that was diagnosed by clinical findings of sepsis and positive blood cultures, and supported (using transesophageal echocardiography) by the presence of vegetations attached to the EV.

Value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in initial evaluation of floor of the mouth masses: report of a case of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (LG MEC) is a rare tumor which can occur in the minor salivary glands as intraoral lesion, more frequently in the palate and very rarely in the floor of the mouth. Traditionally, the diagnosis has been made on surgical resection specimens only. There is new growing evidence that these lesions can be accurately diagnosed by a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy procedure.

A unique case of urinary bladder simple melanosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Melanosis refers to abnormal or excessive deposition of melanin pigment in the cells and/or tissue, which can be seen in any organ but commonly in skin and oral mucosa. Melanosis of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare benign condition and only a handful of cases been reported in the English literature before. In this article, we report a new case of urinary melanosis, describe the differential diagnostic features from pseudomelanosis and offer clues for correct diagnosis.

Utility of a liquid-based, monolayer preparation in the evaluation of thyroid lesions by fine needle aspiration biopsy: comparison with the conventional smear method.

Objective: To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and cytomorphologic features of thyroid lesions on ThinPrep (TP) (Cytyc Corporation, Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of adult rhabdomyoma by fine needle aspiration: report of a case and a brief literature review.

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a valuable, noninvasive, commonly used technique in the diagnoses of head and neck tumors. Adult rhabdomyoma is a rare benign tumor of striate muscle tissue usually located in the head and neck region. Cytomorphologically, the tumor cells have eosinophilic finely granular cytoplasm, which sometimes can mimic other tumors.

Discriminating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: the utility of immunocytochemical panel.

The cytomorphologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy are well described. However, correctly diagnosing HCC on cytologic features alone and differentiating it from metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) remains a challenge. Studies have recommended the use of various immunocytochemical (ICC) stains to aid in the diagnosis and distinction of these tumors with variable success rates.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of intraoral and oropharyngeal mass lesions.

Background: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has been rarely used in oral and oropharyngeal lesions. The goal of this study was to assess the value and accuracy of FNA biopsy in the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal lesions particularly in regards to discriminating benign from malignant tumors.

Methods: Sixteen cases of FNA biopsies obtained of various intraoral and oropharyngeal masses or lesions performed at our institution during the eight-year period from 1998 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.