Development and Evaluation of a User-Centered Mobile Telestroke Platform.

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Naloxone Effectiveness: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Opioid abuse and overdose is a public health concern as it relates to increased morbidity and mortality. This systematic review focuses on the application of take-home naloxone programs and its association with decreased mortality among those who abuse opioids. Take-home naloxone programs consist of distributed naloxone kits and corresponding education of overdose recognition.

Treatment of Sleep Disturbance May Reduce the Risk of Future Probable Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: This study explored two research questions: (a) Does sleep medication neutralize or provide a protective effect against the hazard of Alzheimer's disease (AD)? (b) Do apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 carriers reporting a sleep disturbance experience an increased risk of AD?

Method: This study is a secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set ( n = 6,782) using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results: Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with eventual AD development. Among the subset of participants taking general sleep medications, no relationship between sleep disturbance and eventual AD was observed.

Botulinum Toxin Type A: Evaluation of Onset and Satisfaction.

With the increasing interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, this research study sought to evaluate the onset of Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNTA) between naive and non-naive consumers and its effect on satisfaction. This single-blinded research study consisted of 15 adults with scheduled appointments for neurotoxin treatment of undesired glabellar lines. Participants completed pretreatment FACE-Q scales.

Chronic Health Illnesses as Predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment Among African American Older Adults.

Approximately 5.5 million individuals are diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, a number which includes those with mild cognitive impairment and asymptomatic individuals with biomarkers of AD. There is a higher incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in African American populations as compared to White populations, even when controlling for sociodemographic factors.

"Fear Runs Deep:" The Anticipated Needs of LGBT Older Adults in Long-Term Care.

Objectives: Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults are a vulnerable yet resilient population who face unique stressors as they foresee health decline. This paper presents the results of a study about community-dwelling LGBT older adults' anticipated needs and fears related to nursing homes and assisted living.

Methods: This qualitative study collected data through seven focus groups.

Oral health and cancer screening in long-term care nursing facilities: Motivation and opportunity as intervention targets.

Objective: The objective of this study is to propose empirically and conceptually supported interventions that might increase the capability and opportunity to provide of oral hygiene care and oral cancer screening in long-term nursing care facilities.

Background: Improving the oral health in the older adult population is a priority of the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Poor oral health disproportionably affects older populations, which indicates lower participation in regular oral health care (OHC) that includes screening and early detection of oral cancer.

An Epidemiological Review of Diet and Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma.

Incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has continued to rise despite public efforts to promote sun protection behaviors among populations at risk. However, dietary factors may also affect the development of melanoma. In the past few decades, findings from epidemiologic and experimental research have linked consumption of several foods and other nutrients to the risk of melanoma.

Functional capacity of kangaroo rat hindlimbs: adaptations for locomotor performance.

Many cursorial and large hopping species are extremely efficient locomotors with various morphological adaptations believed to reduce mechanical demand and improve movement efficiency, including elongated distal limb segments. However, despite having elongated limbs, small hoppers such as desert kangaroo rats () are less efficient locomotors than their larger counterparts, which may be in part due to avoiding predators through explosive jumping movements. Despite potentially conflicting mechanical demands between the two movements, kangaroo rats are both excellent jumpers and attain high hopping speeds, likely due to a specialized hindlimb musculoskeletal morphology.

Diet Quality Indices and Leukocyte Telomere Length Among Healthy US Adults: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002.

Aging is the biggest risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Telomere length may represent one important mechanism by which dietary intake influences risk of age-related diseases; however, it is unknown which diet pattern is most strongly related to telomere length. We compared the relationships between 4 evidence-based diet quality indices and leukocyte telomere length in a nationally representative sample of healthy adults, and the extent to which these associations differed between men and women.

Association of dietary insulinemic potential and colorectal cancer risk in men and women.

Background: Insulin response may be important in colorectal cancer development. Diet modulates insulin response and may be a modifiable factor in colorectal cancer prevention.

Objective: We examined associations between hyperinsulinemic diets and colorectal cancer risk with the use of an empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), a food-based index that characterizes dietary insulinemic potential on the basis of circulating C-peptide concentrations.

Food based dietary patterns and chronic disease prevention.

discuss current knowledge on the associations between dietary patterns and cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, focusing on areas of uncertainty and future research directions

Protective Effects of Foods Containing Flavonoids on Age-Related Cognitive Decline.

Purpose Of Review: Evidence suggests that flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds found in many plant-derived foods, such as berries, may allay cognitive impairment. We review recent research exploring the protective effects of flavonoids on age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals. We also address the mechanisms by which flavonoids may exert their effects and promising avenues of future research.

Moving Beyond the Behavior-Change Framework for Smoking Cessation: Lessons for a Critical Ontology From the Case of Inpatient Psychiatric Units.

Leading scholars have called on nursing schools to pay more attention to smoking cessation in the education of nursing students. This article argues that attention to this subject should include a rethinking of the behavior-change framework that forms the methodological basis of this field. Drawing on classic and contemporary work in sociology, anthropology, and critical public health, this article explores the specific example of smoking in long-term inpatient units to illustrate the limitations of a behavior-based ontology and suggest an alternative conceptual vocabulary.

Long read assemblies of geographically dispersed isolates reveal highly structured subtelomeres.

: Although thousands of clinical isolates of are being sequenced and analysed by short read technology, the data do not resolve the highly variable subtelomeric regions of the genomes that contain polymorphic gene families involved in immune evasion and pathogenesis. There is also no current standard definition of the boundaries of these variable subtelomeric regions. : Using long-read sequence data (Pacific Biosciences SMRT technology), we assembled and annotated the genomes of 15 isolates, ten of which are newly cultured clinical isolates.

Could a tax on unhealthy products sold for weight loss reduce consumer use? A novel estimation of potential taxation effects.

Abuse of widely available, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and supplements such as diet pills, laxatives, and diuretics by adolescents for weight control is well-documented, yet manufacturers and retailers can sell them to minors without restriction. The aim of our study was to estimate the effect of added taxation of OTC drugs and dietary supplements sold for weight loss on household purchases of these products. With data from 60,538 U.

Victimization and Violence: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse, Violence, and Delinquency.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a major public health issue with significant short- and long-term consequences. However, little contemporary research has examined the relationship between CSA and delinquent and violent behavior in adolescence. Children who have been sexually abused experience a unique form of victimization compared to children who have endured other forms of maltreatment, as CSA can result in feelings of shame, powerlessness and boundary violations.

Transmission of molecularly undetectable circulating parasite clones leads to high infection complexity in mosquitoes post feeding.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections often comprise multiple distinct parasite clones. Few datasets have directly assessed infection complexity in humans and mosquitoes they infect. Examining parasites using molecular tools may provide insights into the selective transmissibility of isolates.

De Novo Mutations Resolve Disease Transmission Pathways in Clonal Malaria.

Detecting de novo mutations in viral and bacterial pathogens enables researchers to reconstruct detailed networks of disease transmission and is a key technique in genomic epidemiology. However, these techniques have not yet been applied to the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, in which a larger genome, slower generation times, and a complex life cycle make them difficult to implement. Here, we demonstrate the viability of de novo mutation studies in P.

Mediterranean diet and risk of frailty syndrome among women with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Previous research indicates that patients with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of becoming frail. Emerging evidence also indicates that the Mediterranean diet may prevent frailty in the older population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether a Mediterranean-style diet pattern was associated with lower risk of frailty among older women with diabetes.

Plasmepsin II-III copy number accounts for bimodal piperaquine resistance among Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum.

Multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia endangers regional malaria elimination and threatens to spread to other malaria endemic areas. Understanding mechanisms of piperaquine (PPQ) resistance is crucial for tracking its emergence and spread, and to develop effective strategies for overcoming it. Here we analyze a mechanism of PPQ resistance in Cambodian parasites.