Nanomaterials (Basel)
March 2020
Department of Advanced Convergence Technology, and Research Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Korea.
Prolonged exposure to NO can cause lung tissue inflammation, bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans, and silo filler's disease. In recent years, nanostructured semiconducting metal oxides have been widely used to fabricate gas sensors because of their unique structure and surface-to-volume ratio compared to layered materials. In particular, the different morphologies of ZnO-based nanostructures significantly affect the detection property of NO gas sensors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Emerg Med
August 2019
Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Minnesota Poison Control, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Background: Nitrogen dioxide (NO) is a pulmonary irritant produced as a byproduct of bacterial anaerobic metabolism of organic materials, and is also produced as a byproduct of explosive detonations. Significant NO exposure results in free-radical-induced pulmonary injury that may be delayed up to 3-30 h after exposure and can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Here we present a case series of 3 patients with dose-dependent pulmonary injury consistent with NO inhalation following exposure to fumes from detonation of an ammonium nitrate/nitromethane (ANNM) explosive device.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agromedicine
January 2020
Pulmonary Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Silo-filler's disease, a life-threatening condition from exposure to silage gas in recently filled silos, has been known for over 5 decades now. However, farm workers remain exposed to this preventable condition. We describe the index presentations and subsequent changes among 19 patients managed within our health system over a 61-year period and highlight the need for ongoing education on minimizing exposure to silo gas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Occup Environ Med
May 2013
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Health Sciences Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
Praxis (Bern 1994)
April 2008
Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital Luzern.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd
October 2007
Animal Health Service, Ruminant Health Department, P.O. Box 9, 7400AA Deventer, The Netherlands.
Toxic silo gases are a potential danger to livestock housed in close proximity to roughage silos. These gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), may be produced during the early stages of (maize and grass) silage making. In humans, inhalation of these gases causes a condition known as 'Silo Filler's Disease' (SFD), which is a recognized occupational hazard for workers in upright forage silos in many countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Saf Health
January 2007
Kedan and Associates, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Many modern tower silos used in the agricultural industry for hay and grain storage are oxygen-limiting by design. Forced-air ventilation using a forage blower is a method commonly used to decrease concentrations of toxic and asphyxiant gases and to increase the O2 content within a silo headspace prior to worker entry. This article describes the methods used to measure gas concentrations and the results obtained from a pilot study by the Washington Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program of two oxygen-limiting forage tower silos in eastern Washington State.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Occup Environ Hyg
July 2002
US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Mobile Area Office, Alabama 36693-4309, USA.
Rev Prat
June 1998
Service de pneumologie Centre hospitalier universitaire, Besançon.
Farmers are usually exposed to a wide variety of noxious organic or chemical substances. This explains why agriculture is probably one of the occupations where prevalences of respiratory diseases are the highest. Some diseases such as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, allergic asthma, silo filler's disease or pesticides-related fibrosis are classic and well described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHosp Pract (1995)
January 1998
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.
Pol Arch Med Wewn
January 1997
Ze Stołecznego Ośrodka Ostrych Zatruć.
Eight cases of poisoning in workers cleaning silo are presented. Silo gas, produced during fermentation of vegetable material, contains very toxic nitrogen oxides. In this group three workers died within silo, four patients were hospitalized (one of them with acute toxic pulmonary oedema, two with sings of pneumonia, one had only transient decrease of consciousness) and recovered without detectable sequelae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMayo Clin Proc
August 1996
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
February 1996
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, 53792, USA.
Industrialization of farming, animal raising, and forestry has added chemical and mechanical hazards that need to be recognized and prevented. Lung disease among farmworkers can result from a wide variety of hazardous exposures, which include organic dusts, allergens, chemicals, toxic gases, and infectious agents. In addition to nonspecific symptoms of mucous membrane irritation, farmworkers can experience occupational asthma or bronchitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silo filler's disease (toxic hemorrhagic pulmonary edema), and neuromuscular respiratory failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRyoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu
May 1994
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
Semin Roentgenol
October 1993
Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
Am Rev Respir Dis
September 1992
New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown 13326.
Twenty new cases of Silo filler's disease (SFD) have been collected, documenting the incidence and clinical features of exposure to nitrogen oxides present in freshly filled silos. Cases of SFD were identified using a statewide computerized discharge diagnosis system. Fifteen of these were identified in the index period, allowing us to calculate an approximate annual incidence of 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Chest Med
June 1992
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.
Industrialization of farming, animal raising, and forestry has added new chemical and mechanical hazards that need to be recognized and prevented. Lung disease among farm workers can result from a wide variety of hazardous exposures that include organic dusts, chemicals, and toxic gases. In addition to nonspecific symptoms of mucous membrane irritation, farm workers can develop occupational asthma or bronchitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silo filler's disease (toxic hemorrhagic pulmonary edema), and neuromuscular respiratory failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchweiz Med Wochenschr
October 1991
Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA), Abteilung Arbeitsmedizin.
In 1975 an acute febrile bronchopulmonary illness after massive inhalation of fungal spores in silos was described as "pulmonary mycotoxicosis". Subsequently the disorder was referred to as "silo unloader's syndrome" or as a special form of "organic dust toxic syndrome" (ODTS). In this article the three cases of silo unloader's syndrome recognized by the Swiss National Accident Insurance Company (SUVA) between 1978 and 1989 as being an occupational disease are described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiographics
July 1991
Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198.
Agricultural workers are at risk for developing many respiratory tract disorders. Crop production disorders include chronic bronchitis, asthma, organic dust toxicity syndrome, chemical poisoning, farmer lung, and silo-filler disease. Livestock production disorders include toxic manure poisoning (dung lung) and several zoonoses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchweiz Rundsch Med Prax
March 1991
Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital Aarau.
Six hours after work in an empty, non-ventilated silo a 27-year-old Yugoslav worker suffered acutely from cough, dyspnea and general weakness. He was admitted to the hospital with severe partial respiratory insufficiency, and after emergency intubation artificial respiration had to be installed. X-ray showed a severe symmetrical alveolo-interstitial opacity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStorage mites are sources of allergy among farmers and silo workers. Among 114 patients with allergic rhinitis we found four with a positive prick test to storage mites. This is not sufficient reason to include storage mites in a standard allergy prick test series.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThorax
September 1990
Division of Pneumonology, University Hospital Pellenberg, Leuven, Belgium.
A previously healthy student developed the organic dust toxic syndrome after unloading a grain silo for one day. Bronchoalveolar lavage seven days later showed a total cell count six times normal with 70% lymphocytes. This suggests that the previously described acute neutrophil influx into the alveolar spaces in this syndrome is rapidly replaced by a lymphocyte dominated infiltration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Ind Med
January 1991
Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY 13326.
The Bassett Farm Safety and Health Project was started in 1980 when Drs. May and Pratt made clinical observations on respiratory illnesses in farmers. The initial work involved the investigation of clinical syndromes associated with dust exposures and, from there, environmental dust studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 52 year-old male farmer was admitted to our hospital because of cough, sputum and dyspnea on exertion. Chest X-ray showed pulmonary edema and arterial blood gas analysis showed hypoxemia. Silo-fillers' disease was diagnosed because he had allegedly inhaled yellowish gas in the silo.
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