MSC-derived exosome ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating NOD 1/NLRP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible and usually fatal lung disease. In recent years, the therapeutic role of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exos) in anti-fibrotic treatment has received much attention. In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-fibrotic properties and related molecular mechanisms of MSC-exos in Bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF.

Deciphering the dynamic single-cell transcriptional landscape in the ocular surface ectoderm differentiation system.

The ocular surface ectoderm (OSE) is essential for the development of the ocular surface, yet the molecular mechanisms driving its differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to explore the dynamic cellular trajectories and regulatory networks during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into the OSE lineage. We identified nine distinct cell subpopulations undergoing differentiation along three main developmental branches: neural crest, neuroectodermal, and surface ectodermal lineages.

Serious lower limb injuries following car gearbox explosion: A rare case report.

Car Gearbox explosion-related injuries are very rare but could be serious. We reported a 43-year-old female patient who sustained severe bilateral lower limb injuries following an explosion of the gearbox in her private car while waiting at a traffic signal. The patient suffered from a left open tibia shaft fracture and severely macerated soft tissues, along with an open wound on the right leg.

Shifting Paradigms in the Management of Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a long-term condition characterised by increased resistance to blood flow in the pulmonary circulation. The disease has a progressive course and is associated with a poor prognosis. Without treatment, PAH is associated with mortality in <3 years.

Long-term outcomes in five patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis treated with molgramostim inhalation solution.

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP), which accounts for >90% of all cases of PAP, is a rare lung disease mediated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies that block GM-CSF signalling, leading to reduced surfactant clearance causing abnormal accumulation of alveolar surfactant and impaired gas exchange [1-3]. The current standard of care for aPAP is whole-lung lavage (WLL), which is invasive, resource intensive, carries procedural risk, does not address the underlying cause of disease and often must be repeated regularly [4]. Hence, there is a therapeutical need to address the underlying pathophysiology of the disease.

Alternate day fasting aggravates atherosclerosis through the suppression of hepatic ATF3 in mice.

Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Alternate day fasting (ADF) has gained growing attention due to its metabolic benefits. However, the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation remain inconsistent and controversial in atherosclerotic animal models.

Biochemical mechanisms and molecular interactions of vitamins in cancer therapy.

Recently, the potential role of vitamins in cancer therapy has attracted considerable research attention. However, the reported findings are inconsistent, with limited information on the biochemical and molecular interactions of different vitamins in various cancer cells. Importantly, the presence of vitamin receptors in tumor cells suggests that vitamins play a significant role in the molecular and biochemical interactions in cancers.

Non-saponin from maintains blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways to prevent the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: The non-saponin (NS) fraction is an important active component of with multifunctional pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of NSs on multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and autoimmune demyelinating disorder, have not yet been demonstrated.

Purpose: and Methods: The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the pharmacological actions of NSs on movement dysfunctions and the related mechanisms of action using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.

Ethanol extract of lymphanax with gypenoside 17 and ginsenoside Re exerts anti-inflammatory properties by targeting the AKT/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Ginseng is processed into several types such as white ginseng, red ginseng, and black ginseng, according to the processing methods such as drying, steaming, and heating. These processing conditions can change the portion of the useful ingredients. Recently, new processing method was established to develop 'lymphanax', an aged fresh white ginseng prepared under anaerobic condition.

Enhancement of skin regeneration through activation of signaling pathway by meyer non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicles.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicle (GNEV) on skin regeneration, particularly focusing on its impact on proliferation and migration in human dermal fibroblast (HDF).

Methods: GNEV was isolated from ginseng non-edible callus using sequential filtration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The extracellular vesicle was characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).

The secretory function of adipose tissues in metabolic regulation.

In addition to their pivotal roles in energy storage and expenditure, adipose tissues play a crucial part in the secretion of bioactive molecules, including peptides, lipids, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, in response to physiological stimulation and metabolic stress. These secretory factors, through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, regulate various processes within adipose tissues. These processes include adipogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adaptive thermogenesis, all of which are essential for the maintenance of the balance and functionality of the adipose tissue micro-environment.

Bioaugmented design and functional evaluation of low damage implantable array electrodes.

Implantable neural electrodes are key components of brain-computer interfaces (BCI), but the mismatch in mechanical and biological properties between electrode materials and brain tissue can lead to foreign body reactions and glial scarring, and subsequently compromise the long-term stability of electrical signal transmission. In this study, we proposed a new concept for the design and bioaugmentation of implantable electrodes (bio-array electrodes) featuring a heterogeneous gradient structure. Different composite polyaniline-gelatin-alginate based conductive hydrogel formulations were developed for electrode surface coating.

Multi-source data recognition and fusion algorithm based on a two-layer genetic algorithm-back propagation model.

Traditional rainfall data collection mainly relies on rain buckets and meteorological data. It rarely considers the impact of sensor faults on measurement accuracy. To solve this problem, a two-layer genetic algorithm-backpropagation (GA-BP) model is proposed.

DDO1002, an NRF2-KEAP1 inhibitor, improves hematopoietic stem cell aging and stress response.

Oxidative stress diminishes the functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as age advances, with heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels exacerbating DNA damage, cellular senescence, and hematopoietic impairment. DDO1002, a potent inhibitor of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway, modulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Yet, the extent to which it mitigates hematopoietic decline post-total body irradiation (TBI) or in the context of aging remains to be elucidated.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the intercellular crosstalk and the regulatory landscape of stromal cells during the whole life of the mouse ovary.

The heterogeneity of ovarian mesenchymal/stromal cells has just been revealed in both mice and humans. However, it remains unclear about the cellular development trace and the intercellular communication network in the whole life of the ovary. In the study, we integrated ours and published single-cell RNA sequencing data from E11.

Novel mapping techniques for ablation of non-pulmonary vein foci using complex signal identification.

The complex signal identification function of CARTO version 8 enables quantitative evaluation of local potential fractionation. We present a case where this advanced technology successfully identified non-pulmonary vein foci associated with fractionated potentials during sinus rhythm.

Mechanistic role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, encompasses a broad range of hepatic metabolic disorders primarily characterised by the disruption of hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Severe cases of MASLD might progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, characterised by hepatic inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibrogenesis. It may further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Icariin modulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in ADSCs via the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway: a novel therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation presents a promising approach for osteoporosis (OP) treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs is hindered by low post-transplantation survival rates and limited capacities for adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Icariin (ICA), the primary active compound of Epimedium, has been shown to promote cell proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation; however, its specific effects on ADSC osteogenesis and the mechanisms by which ICA enhances osteoporosis treatment through cell transplantation remain inadequately understood.

Integration of histone modification-based risk signature with drug sensitivity analysis reveals novel therapeutic strategies for lower-grade glioma.

Background: Lower-grade glioma (LGG) exhibits significant heterogeneity in clinical outcomes, and current prognostic markers have limited predictive value. Despite the growing recognition of histone modifications in tumor progression, their role in LGG remains poorly understood. This study aimed to develop a histone modification-based risk signature and investigate its relationship with drug sensitivity to guide personalized treatment strategies.

CSNK1E is involved in TGF-β1 induced epithelial mesenchymal transformationas and related to melanoma immune heterogeneity.

Introduction: Melanoma (MM), the deadliest form of skin cancer, originates from melanocytes. Despite advances in immunotherapy that have somewhat improved the prognosis for MM patients, high levels of resistance to treatment continue to result in poor clinical outcomes. Identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving the prognosis and treatment of MM.

Resveratrol-driven macrophage polarization: unveiling mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound known for its diverse biological activities, has demonstrated multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and cardiovascular protective properties. Recent studies suggest that these effects are partly mediated through the regulation of macrophage polarization, wherein macrophages differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Our review highlights how resveratrol modulates macrophage polarization through various signaling pathways to achieve therapeutic effects.

Pharmacological action of polysaccharides: a review.

, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and food, which has a long history of clinical application, is used to improve health conditions and treat various diseases. polysaccharides (ASP), the main active component of this traditional Chinese medicine, have multicomponent, multitarget characteristics and very broad pharmacological activities. They play important roles in the treatment of several diseases.

CD146 promotes resistance of NSCLC brain metastases to pemetrexed via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Introduction: Pemetrexed is a first line drug for brain metastases from lung cancer, either as monotherapy or combined with other drugs. The frequent occurrence of initial and acquired resistance to pemetrexed results in limited treatment effectiveness in brain metastases. CD146 was recently found to play important roles in chemoresistance and tumor progression.