Tolerability and efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of bromhidrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

This review evaluates the risks and benefits of botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy for treating bromhidrosis. A search was conducted across six databases, including clinical trials comparing BTX therapy with BTX-free controls. The analyzed outcomes included pooled adverse events (AEs), treatment success, ≥ 50% overall improvement, and recurrence rates.

Microbial and proteomic signatures of type 2 diabetes in an Arab population.

Background: The rising prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the Qatari population presents a significant public health challenge, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to early detection and management. While most efforts are centered on using blood samples for biomarker discovery, the use of saliva remains underexplored.

Methods: Using noninvasive saliva samples from 2974 Qatari subjects, we analyzed the microbial communities from diabetic, pre-diabetic, and non-diabetic participants based on their HbA1C levels.

Disruption of gamete fusion alters the sperm-egg ratio at gamete interaction.

Background: The mechanisms enabling sperm to locate unfertilized eggs within the fallopian tubes remain a subject of debate in reproductive biology. Previous studies using polytocous mammals observed a 1:1 sperm-egg ratio within the ampulla at the time of fertilization. From these observations, it is hypothesized that this mechanism could be linked to sperm-egg fusion, such that unfertilized eggs may attract sperm until fusion occurs, whereupon the attraction ceases.

Automated detection of posterior urethral valves in voiding cystourethrography images: A novel AI-Based pipeline for enhanced diagnosis and classification.

Introduction: Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) are rare congenital anomalies of the male urinary tract that can lead to urethral obstruction and increased risk of kidney disease. Traditional diagnosis relies on subjective interpretation of imaging techniques. This study aimed to automate and increase accuracy of PUV detection in voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) images using an AI-based pipeline.

Severe Hyperkalemia in a Child with Vomiting and Diarrhea.

Case Presentation: A 13-month-old child with past medical history of congenital adrenal insufficiency presented to the emergency department with vomiting and diarrhea. Initially the child was noticed to have bradycardia with normal blood pressure. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed tall T waves, broad QRS complex, and widened PR interval suggestive of severe hyperkalemia.

Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for ICU Mortality After Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Children.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the favored renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Predicting clinical outcomes for CRRT patients is difficult due to population heterogeneity, varying clinical practices, and limited sample sizes.

Objective: We aimed to predict survival to ICUs and hospital discharge in children and young adults receiving CRRT using machine learning (ML) techniques.

Knockdown Induces Obesity and AHO Features in Early Zebrafish Larvae.

(Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein, Alpha Stimulating) is a complex gene that encodes the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gα), critical for signaling through various G protein-coupled receptors. Inactivating genetic and epigenetic changes in , resulting in Gα deficiency, cause different variants of pseudohypoparathyroidism, which may manifest features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO, a syndrome characterized by early-onset obesity and other developmental defects). Recent findings have linked Gα deficiency with isolated, severe, early-onset obesity, suggesting it as a potential, underrecognized cause of monogenic, non-syndromic obesity.

Unplanned Extubation in Extremely Preterm Neonates: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Clinical Outcomes.

Background Unplanned extubation (UE) poses a significant safety risk to mechanically ventilated, preterm, and critically ill neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).  Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of UE from January 2018 to December 2021, identify contributing risk factors, and compare the outcomes with a cohort of extremely preterm (EP) infants. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the NICU at the Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar.

Predisposition footprints in the somatic genome of Wilms tumours.

Ten percent of children with cancer harbour a mutation in a predisposition gene. In children with the kidney cancer, Wilms tumour, the prevalence is as high as 30%. Certain predispositions are associated with defined histological and clinical features, suggesting differences in tumourigenesis.

Intrathoracic ectopic kidney with pulmonary sequestration: clinical and surgical insights: a case report.

Intrathoracic ectopic kidney is an extremely rare congenital defect that is frequently identified by accident because it is asymptomatic. Even more unusual is its link to pulmonary sequestration alone. This case report describes the clinical presentation of a 7-month-old child with a history of recurrent respiratory distress and chest infections since birth, who had shortness of breath, failure to thrive, and delayed developmental milestones.

See one, teach yourself one, do one: Barriers and opportunities in self-administered training and assessment for global surgical education.

Objective: We aimed to determine the most important perceived barriers to the implementation of self-administered training and assessment in surgical education according to subject matter experts. With these findings, design thinking was used to explore possible interventions and develop a theory of change for overcoming identified barriers. Specifically, implementation was focused on expanding the surgical skills of associate clinicians (ACs) in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs).

A Unique Case of Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma Associated With Botryoid Intralobar Nephrogenic Rests.

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) is a rare pediatric renal tumor composed of multiple cystic spaces divided by septa containing immature nephrogenic elements. The presence of expansile solid areas in the septa of such a lesion indicates an alternative diagnosis of Wilms tumor (WT). We present a unique case of CPDN associated with grossly visible polypoid proliferations, which histologically correspond to botryoid growth of intralobar nephrogenic rests.

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists versus dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors in advanced chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease: Real world effectiveness and persistence of therapy.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) reduce cardiovascular events, improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and slow progression of nephropathy. Despite these benefits and professional society treatment guidelines recommendations, GLP-1RAs remain under-utilized in people with advanced CKD and ESKD due to tolerability and safety concerns.

The variability of measured and calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in statin-treated diabetes patients.

Background: The Sampson-NIH and Martin-Hopkins low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) equations are advocated as being superior to the Friedewald calculation. However, their mathematical complexity means they may have different biological and analytical variation when tracking LDL-C in the same patient. This study has established the biological variation (BV) of calculated and directly measured LDL-C (dLDL-C) in patients taking equivalent doses of a long (atorvastatin) and short (simvastatin) half-life statin.

Megameatus intact prepuce: a systematic review of surgical techniques and long-term outcomes.

Megameatus intact prepuce (MIP) presents with diverse phenotypes that complicate the management of this rare but complex hypospadias variant. Current data on optimal treatment methods and patient outcomes are sparse, unintegrated, and therefore challenging to implement clinically. A comprehensive systematic review of the existing literature on MIP was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Parental attitudes and perceptions towards the recruitment of children to clinical trials: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Clinical trials (CTs) in children are critical for understanding and treating childhood diseases. However, there trials require prior permission from parents. We evaluated parental attitudes and perceptions regarding the recruitment of their children in CTs.

Electronic medical record redesign to improve patient safety and use of non-medication orders by clinicians.

Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) have become highly customizable. Although customization allows changes for workflow optimization, such changes can result in a less standardized system and create barriers due to individual preferences.

Aim: This was a documentation of the efforts of a greenfield academic medical centre in Qatar to improve patient safety, physician operational efficiency and revenue capture by standardizing the design of the non-medication orders and associated revenue of the EMR .