Gastrostomy Tube Use in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.

Context: Despite frequency of gastrostomy placement procedures in children, there remains considerable variability in preoperative work-up and procedural technique of gastrostomy placement and a paucity of literature regarding patient-centric outcomes.

Objectives: This review summarizes existing literature and provides consensus-driven guidelines for patients throughout the enteral access decision-making process.

Data Sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus.

Clinician Attitudes, Training, and Beliefs About Cannabis: An Interprofessional Assessment.

Medical use of cannabis is growing in popularity across the United States, but medical education and clinician comfort discussing cannabis use for medical purposes have not kept pace. A total of 344 clinicians in the state of Pennsylvania (response rate 14%) completed a brief online survey about their attitudes, training, and experiences regarding medical cannabis and certifying patients to use medical cannabis. Only 51% of clinicians reported completing any formal training on medical cannabis.

Approach to stable angina in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.

Purpose Of Review: Chronic kidney disease is one of the major risk factors for coronary artery disease. Both end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and advanced chronic kidney disease patients have atypical presentations of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to modifications in cardinal symptoms and clinical presentation. Data on evaluation and management of coronary artery or stable angina is limited in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients due to a limited number of trials.

Stability and change in family psychosocial risk over 6 months in pediatric cancer and its association with medical and psychosocial healthcare utilization.

Purpose: Family psychosocial risk in pediatric oncology can be assessed using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT), a brief parent report screener based on the Pediatric Psychosocial Preventative Health Model (PPPHM; universal, targeted, and clinical). However, little is known about risk over the course of treatment and its association with medical and psychosocial healthcare utilization.

Methods: Primary caregivers of children with cancer participated in this prospective multisite investigation, completing the PAT at diagnosis (T1; n = 396) and 6 months later (T2; n = 304).

Screening for Family Psychosocial Risk in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with the Psychosocial Assessment Tool.

Family psychosocial risk screening is an important initial step in delivering evidence-based care in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Establishing an evidence-based screening approach that is acceptable, reliable, and valid is an essential step in psychosocial care delivery. This is a 3-institution multimethod study.

Identification of the Regulatory Elements and Target Genes of Megakaryopoietic Transcription Factor MEF2C.

Megakaryopoiesis produces specialized haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow that give rise to megakaryocytes which ultimately produce platelets. Defects in megakaryopoiesis can result in altered platelet counts and physiology, leading to dysfunctional haemostasis and thrombosis. Additionally, dysregulated megakaryopoiesis is also associated with myeloid pathologies.

A Comparison of Two Dosing Regimens of ASA Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare short-term side effects of aspirin (ASA) 325 mg vs ASA 81 mg orally twice daily (PO BID) when used as thromboembolic prophylaxis following primary total joint arthroplasty.

Methods: A 1-year prospective cohort study was performed on 643 primary unilateral total joint arthroplasty patients operated on by a single surgeon. Two hundred eighty-two patients were administered ASA 325 mg PO BID and 361 patients were administered ASA 81 mg PO BID for 1 month.

Decreased flexion contracture after total knee arthroplasty using Botulinum toxin A: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Flexion contracture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can cause significant dissatisfaction. Botulinum toxin A has shown improved extension in patients with spastic flexion contractures after TKA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Botulinum toxin A improves knee extension for any patient with flexion contractures following TKA.

Failed induction of labor.

Induction of labor will affect almost a quarter of all pregnancies, but historically there has been no generally accepted definition of failed induction of labor. Only recently have studies analyzed the lengths of latent labor that are associated with successful labor induction ending in a vaginal delivery, and recommendations for uniformity in the diagnosis of failed induction have largely resulted from this data. This review assesses the most recent and inclusive definition for failed induction, risk factors associated with failure, complications, and special populations that may be at risk for a failed induction.

Analysis of 13 cell types reveals evidence for the expression of numerous novel primate- and tissue-specific microRNAs.

Two decades after the discovery of the first animal microRNA (miRNA), the number of miRNAs in animal genomes remains a vexing question. Here, we report findings from analyzing 1,323 short RNA sequencing samples (RNA-seq) from 13 different human tissue types. Using stringent thresholding criteria, we identified 3,707 statistically significant novel mature miRNAs at a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.