Reoperation Rate Following Thumb Basal Joint Arthroplasty: A Minimum Follow-Up Period of 5 Years.

Purpose: Thumb basal joint arthroplasty (BJA) performed for thumb basal joint arthritis is associated with high patient satisfaction. However, complications requiring reoperation occur, with a previously reported early reoperation rate (within 2 years) of 1.5%.

Modulation of Monocyte Effector Functions and Gene Expression by Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Monocytes are crucial players in innate immunity. The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has significant impacts on monocyte effector functions and gene expression. CMV, a β-herpesvirus, disrupts key monocyte roles, including phagocytosis, antigen presentation, cytokine production, and migration, impairing their ability to combat pathogens and activate adaptive immune responses.

Low-dose aspirin use in low-risk nulliparous pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of low-dose aspirin in the prevention of adverse outcomes in low-risk, nulliparous singleton pregnancies.

Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and ScienceDirect were searched from their inception to August 5, 2023.

Improved Adherence to Lipid Screening in the Pediatric Cardiology Clinic: A Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction: Lipid screening identifies at-risk patients to facilitate cardiovascular risk reduction. National pediatric guidelines recommend universal lipid screening between 9-11 and 17-21 years of age. We aimed to improve adherence to lipid screening for all age-appropriate outpatient pediatric cardiology visits from a baseline of 35% to 90% between November 2021 and July 2023.

GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS USE AND INCIDENCE OF GLAUCOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS: GLP-1 receptor agonists use and incidence of glaucoma.

Introduction: In diabetics, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RA) may protect against microvascular alterations and oxidative stress, both of which have been implicated in glaucoma. Multiple studies suggest a possible relation between GLP-1 RA use and the development of glaucoma. This study performs a systematic review of the literature regarding the incidence of glaucoma development in type 2 diabetes patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to a control group.

Surgical Morbidity following Planned Hysterectomy versus Conservative Management for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective:  In recent years, the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has fallen into two categories: planned hysterectomy and conservative management to preserve fertility. However, optimal management remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two to evaluate which approach was associated with lower surgical morbidity.

Measurement of breast artery calcification using an artificial intelligence detection model and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events.

Breast artery calcification (BAC) obtained from standard mammographic images is currently under evaluation to stratify risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in women. Measuring BAC using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, we aimed to determine the relationship between BAC and coronary artery calcification (CAC) severity with Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). This retrospective study included women who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) within one year of mammography.

Developing a Strategy to Increase Lung Cancer Screening in Areas of Need.

Lung cancer screening (LCS) rates are low, and lung cancer mortality is high in the United States. This report describes a strategy that health systems can use to identify LCS areas of need and engage associated primary care providers and patients in screening. A research team from Jefferson Health (JH), a large, urban health system, used geocoded standardized lung cancer mortality rates (SMRs) to identify zip codes in Philadelphia where lung cancer mortality is high.

Children with sickle cell disease and fever but no respiratory symptoms: Is a chest x-ray needed?

Background: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) defines acute chest syndrome (ACS) as a new infiltrate on chest x-ray (CXR) and at least 1 of the following: fever (≥38.5C), hypoxia, or respiratory symptoms. NHLBI expert consensus recommends a CXR in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have fever and respiratory symptoms.

Repair Fails More Frequently Than Reconstruction in Acute Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries: A Systematic Review of Outcomes Following Surgical Management.

Purpose: To synthesize the current literature on posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction and repair, focusing on a comparison of surgical techniques and outcomes based on injury chronicity in the setting of sports-related ligament tears.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature, including queries of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, was performed in March 2024. Studies were included if they were of Level IV evidence or greater, reported PLC reconstruction or repair outcomes, and had a minimum 2-year follow-up.

The use of precision radiotherapy for the management of cancer related pain in the abdomen.

Purpose Of Review: Abdominal pain due to cancer is a significant and debilitating symptom for cancer patients, which is commonly undertreated. Radiotherapy (RT) for the management of abdominal cancer pain is underused, with limited awareness of its benefit. This review presents a discussion on current precision RT options for the management of cancer pain in the abdomen.

Factors Contributing to Follow-up Nonadherence After Infectious Keratitis Diagnosis.

Objectives: To evaluate demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with nonadherence with initial follow-up after a diagnosis of infectious keratitis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients aged 18 to 60 years who were diagnosed with infectious keratitis at the Wills Eye Hospital Emergency Room from March 2019 to September 2019 was conducted. The primary outcome was nonadherence with initial follow-up recommendation and included patients who did not follow-up in the time frame requested by the diagnosing physician and those who were lost to follow-up.

Factors Associated With Receipt of Tobacco Treatment Integrated With Nurse Navigation in a Centralized Lung Cancer Screening Program at an Urban Academic Medical Center.

Purpose: Optimal approaches for tobacco treatment counseling among individuals who currently smoke and are undergoing shared decision-making (SDM) and lung cancer screening (LCS) are unknown. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the rate of reported interest in tobacco treatment counseling and pharmacotherapy among individuals who currently smoke and are receiving integrated nurse navigation for LCS and tobacco treatment in a centralized LCS Program.

Methods: We identified individuals undergoing SDM through our centralized LCS Program between March 2021 and March 2022.

Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy versus iStent Implantation Combined with Phacoemulsification: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Prcis: In this meta-analysis, Kahook dual blade goniotomy achieved higher rates of surgical success compared to iStent/iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification. KDB goniotomy demonstrated better IOP reduction at month 6 compared to the Stent group.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with either Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy (phaco-KDB) or trabecular microbypass stent (iStent and iStent inject) implantation (phaco-Stent).

Effect of sodium butyrate on kidney and liver mitochondrial dysfunction in a lipopolysaccharide mouse model.

Sodium butyrate can reduce inflammation, but it is not known if butyrate can improve mitochondrial dysfunction during sepsis. We tested butyrate to prevent or reverse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in murine kidney and liver. C57BL/6 mice were grouped as control (n = 9), intraperitoneal (IP) LPS (n = 8), pretreatment with IP butyrate 600 (n = 3) or 1200 mg/kg (n = 8) followed 2 h later by LPS, posttreatment with IP butyrate 600 (n = 3) or 1200 mg/kg (n = 7) 1 h after LPS, or butyrate 1200 mg/kg only (n = 8).

Perioperative Losartan Is Associated With Similar Rates of Additional Surgical Procedures for Postoperative Shoulder Stiffness After Primary Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair but Lower Rates of Secondary Debridement and Repair.

Purpose: To compare the rate of additional shoulder surgery related to postoperative stiffness or tendon healing after primary rotator cuff repair between patients with a losartan prescription and without a losartan prescription.

Methods: The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code M75.1 was used to identify all patients in the TriNetX Research Network with a rotator cuff tear diagnosis who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021.

Management of Aorto-Right Ventricular Fistulas After TAVR.

This clinical case series reviews the diagnosis and management of aorto-right ventricular fistulas post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement, highlighting 3 cases. We emphasize early detection, individualized treatment strategies, and the role of multidisciplinary heart teams in achieving favorable outcomes. Comprehensive imaging and procedural planning are crucial for successful intervention and management of this rare complication.

The Church Spire Sign.

We are pleased to introduce in this issue of Clinics in Dermatology a new section entitled "Art in Dermatology", which explores the interface between the visual arts and dermatology. This contribution focuses on the architectural structure known as a church spire that sits atop a church tower and which has lent its name to a dermatologic sign. Key phrases play an important role in clinical dermatology and dermatopathology.

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Setting of Massive Proximal Humeral Bone Loss: A Systematic Review.

Background: Massive proximal humeral bone loss (PHBL) poses a technical challenge during reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Surgical treatment strategies include allograft-prosthetic composite (APC) reconstructions, endoprostheses, and other reverse shoulder arthroplasty constructs, however, there is a paucity of literature summarizing the outcomes and complications unique to this complex patient population. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to evaluate (1) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), (2) functional outcomes, and (3) complications according to surgical treatment strategy for patients with massive PHBL who undergo primary or revision shoulder arthroplasty.