Anticoagulation-related nephropathy for the internist: a concise review.

Anticoagulation-related nephropathy (ARN) is a clinical entity that has significant morbidity and mortality consequences/burden but has not been well described. Consequently, ARN has been underdiagnosed and sub-optimally managed. ARN has been reported with warfarin use especially in the setting of supratherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) but the association is far less established with the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC).