Eyelid margin disease (blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction): clinical review of evidence-based and emerging treatments.

Blepharitis is a common ophthalmic condition with multiple etiologies and no definitive, universal treatment. The treatment modalities for managing lid margin diseases vary depending on the disease's cause, location, and severity. For anterior blepharitis, management options include eyelid hygiene with warm compresses, eyelid scrubs, baby shampoo, and over-the-counter eyelid cleansers.

Artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology: An update on current trends.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) will soon be commonplace within the field of cosmetic dermatology. Current uses for AI in the discipline have focused on empowering patients to be more involved in treatment decisions with customizable skin care, augmented-reality applications, and at-home skin analysis tools. AI-driven skin analysis tools are also included in many dermatology practices with the development of three-dimensional facial reconstruction, including models for predicting clinical outcomes.

Workman's compensation as exclusion criteria in rotator cuff repair literature - are we inadvertently excluding race?

Objective: Despite an equal willingness to participate in clinical trials, there is evidence that several minority populations are systematically under-represented in studies. One potential cause and frequently used exclusionary criterion in orthopedic trials is patients with active workman's compensation (WC) insurance claims. The purpose of this study is to determine demographic differences in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with commercial and government insurance vs workers compensation claims.

Bibliometric Analysis of Spinopelvic Alignment in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Introduction: Postoperative dislocation of unclear etiology remains a concern after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Interest is growing in the importance of spinopelvic alignment on stability in THA. The purpose of this study was to analyze publication trends, areas of interest, and future research direction of spinopelvic alignment in THA.

Marijuana and Breastfeeding: A Pilot Survey of Mothers.

Objective: To describe maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to marijuana use and breastfeeding, and determine their association with knowledge about potential harmful effects of marijauna use while breastfeeding.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design, using a 48-item survey, including previously validated questions, of postpartum mothers at a single urban, academic hospital from 2018 to 2019. Mothers ≥ 18 years with a newborn ≥ 35 weeks' gestation were eligible.

Five Extracurricular Things Commonly Overlooked by Dermatology Residents.

Dermatology residents have 3 years to master core competencies related to the delivery of patient care, preservation of medical professionalism, and responsible use of health care; however, it is crucial for residents to recognize other things outside of their formal curriculum that are equally vital to their training. Over the years, we have observed residents and now offer our own perspectives. We have collectively observed five extracurricular aspects commonly overlooked by dermatology residents that are important to their education and future practice.

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Krabbe Disease.

Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by pathogenic variants in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. GALC activity is needed for the lysosomal hydrolysis of galactosylceramide, an important component of myelin. While most patients are infants, older patients are also diagnosed.

Delayed Diagnosis of X-linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Type 2 in a 17-year-old Male With Severe Crohn's Disease and Recurrent Skin Infections.

X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 (XLP2) is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the gene that lead to deficiency of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. XLP2 is characterized by dysregulated immune responses and can result in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like phenotype, a form of monogenic IBD. Patients with XLP2 often succumb to fulminant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or Epstein-Barr virus infections.

Lysosomal storage disorders as an etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis: A systematic review.

We performed a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the incidence and types of lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) in case series of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF). PubMed, Ovid, and clinicaltrials.gov were reviewed for case series evaluating the workup of NIHF diagnosed in utero or in the neonatal period in human subjects from 1979 to August 2020.

The Lysosomal Diseases Testing Laboratory: A review of the past 47 years.

Lysosomal disorders are diseases that involve mutations in genes responsible for the coding of lysosomal enzymes, transport proteins, activator proteins and protein processing enzymes. These defects lead to the storage of specific metabolites within lysosomes resulting in a great variety of clinical features depending on the tissues with the storage, the storage products and the extent of the storage. The methods for rapidly diagnosing patients started in the late 1960's when the enzyme defects were identified eliminating the need for tissue biopsies.

Editorial Commentary: Graft Choice for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Will There Ever Be a Correct Answer? Probably Not.

Graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been a great controversy in the sports medicine literature for the last 25 years. It has been well studied in the orthopaedic literature, with numerous randomized control trials and large database studies. There remain advantages and disadvantages to each autograft choice, primarily bone-patellar tendon-bone, quadrupled hamstring, as well as allograft.

Prolonged Postoperative Intubation After Spinal Fusion in Cerebral Palsy: Are There Modifiable Risk Factors and Associated Consequences?

Background: Instrumented spinal fusion is performed to correct severe spinal deformity that commonly complicates cerebral palsy (CP). Prolonged intubation (PI) is a common perioperative complication, though little is known about the risk factors and consequences of this phenomenon.

Questions/purposes: The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with PI after spine surgery for CP; (2) the perioperative and postoperative complications associated with PI; and (3) any long-term impacts of PI with respect to health-related quality of life.

Regional and practitioner variations in reporting infant mortality.

Objective: Assess regional differences in categorization of preterm delivery outcomes and impact on variation in reported infant mortality rates.

Study Design: A 27-item questionnaire was distributed to 1072 practitioners associated with U.S.

How are Electronic Health Records Associated with Provider Productivity and Billing in Orthopaedic Surgery?

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) have become ubiquitous in orthopaedics. Although they offer certain benefits, they have been cited as a factor that can contribute to provider burnout. Little is known about the degree to which EHR adoption is associated with provider and practice characteristics or outpatient and surgical volume.

Perceptions of Pediatric Primary Care Among Mothers in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

To assess receipt of anticipatory guidance and family-centered care during well-child care (WCC) for children of mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD). Cross-sectional survey of 157 mothers receiving treatment for OUD who had a child < 3 years old and received primary care. Survey items evaluated (1) receipt of anticipatory guidance on 15 topics during WCC for the participant's child and (2) whether WCC was family-centered.

Development of a single-center quality bundle to prevent sudden unexpected postnatal collapse.

Background: Recent reports suggest a rising awareness of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC).

Local Problem: Five SUPC events during a 17-month period.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team used a quality-improvement approach to develop the intervention.

Meta-analysis of use of balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Current guidelines give balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) a Class IIb recommendation for use in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), as its safety and efficacy remain poorly defined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate BPA effectiveness.

Methods: Medline, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched for original studies from database inception dates until 24th May 2018.

Renal dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome-role of segmental left ventricle strain analysis.

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a peculiar clinical condition often resembling an acute coronary syndrome and mostly affecting postmenopausal women. We sought to describe the prevalence of acute kidney injury and acute renal failure in TTS patients during index event and assess the usefulness of speckle tracking echocardiography in predicting subjects at risk of developing acute kidney insult.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study reviewing study with the discharge diagnosis of TTS between 2003-2016 at our Institution.

Imaging Brain Metabolism in the Newborn.

In this review, we discuss molecular brain imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2(F)fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) in human newborns and infants, and illustrate how this technology can be applied to probe the neuropathophysiology of neonatal neurologic disorders. PET studies have been difficult to perform in sick babies because of patient transportation issues and suboptimal spatial resolution. With approval from the FDA and the institutional review board, we modified and installed the Focus 220 animal microPET scanner (Concorde Microsystems, Knoxville, TN) directly in our neonatal intensive care unit in Children's Hospital of Michigan and verified the high spatial resolution (<2 mm full-width-at-half-maximum) of this microPET.