Evaluating Bone Fracture Healing in a Rabbit Model Using Doppler Imaging Modes, Shear Wave Elastography, X-Ray, and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry.

Objective: This study investigated methods of evaluating the bone fracture healing process using superb microvascular imaging (SMI; two modes color SMI [cSMI] and monochromeSMI [mSMI]), and shear wave elastography (SWE), relative to X-ray, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) also know as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD-31) staining in a rabbit model.

Methods: This IACUC-approved study involved eight rabbits that underwent a bilateral fibula osteotomy and were followed for 7 or 21 days (Groups 1 and 2 with 4 rabbits in each). Ultrasound examinations using cSMI, mSMI, and SWE were performed on Days 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery.

Risk of Motor Vehicle Accidents in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Comparative Analysis of CPAP Versus Surgery.

Objective: To compare the incidence of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and sleep surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX national clinical database.

Setting: Analysis of a nationwide patient cohort.

Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab with Live Bacterial Supplementation in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Dysbiosis may hinder effective tumor immunity and reduce the efficacy of therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). CBM588, a product containing live Clostridium butyricum, has shown promise in enhancing ICB effectiveness in metastatic RCC in terms of response rates and progression-free survival. Further research to confirm these findings should take factors such as diet and microbiome composition into account and include predictive biomarkers for patient selection.

Herpetic Endotheliitis Induced Interface Fluid Syndrome 16 years After Laser in Situ Keratomileusis.

Purpose: To report a case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) endotheliitis inducing acute interface fluid syndrome in a patient with a remote history of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: Case report and literature review.

Results: A 51-year-old man with a history of LASIK 16 years prior presented with unilateral HSV endotheliitis and was found to have acute interface fluid syndrome secondary to endothelial decompensation.

COVID-19-Associated Encephalopathy: A Case Series Demonstrating the Rapid Deterioration of Mental Status and a Review of the Literature.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is known for its severe inflammatory response, often leading to multi-organ dysfunction. Among the less-recognized complications is COVID-19-associated encephalopathy, particularly in the elderly, where it contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. This report explores the rapid neurocognitive decline observed in six hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with or without pre-existing neurological conditions.

Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective.

Introduction: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.

Pan-tumor analysis to investigate the obesity paradox in immune checkpoint blockade.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing cancer but is also associated with improved outcomes after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a phenomenon called the obesity paradox. To interrogate mechanisms of divergent immune responses in obese and non-obese patients, we examined the relationship among obesity status, clinical responses, and immune profiles from a diverse, pan-tumor cohort of patients treated with ICI-based therapy.

Methods: From June 2021 to March 2023, we prospectively collected serial peripheral blood samples from patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors who received ICI as standard of care at Johns Hopkins.

First-in-Human clinical trial of a small molecule EBNA1 inhibitor, VK-2019, in patients with Epstein-Barr positive nasopharyngeal cancer, with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.

Purpose: A first-in-human phase one study was conducted in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients to assess the safety and tolerability of VK-2019, a small molecule selective inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1).

Patients And Methods: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, including circulating tumor EBV DNA plasma levels, were performed. Twenty-three patients received VK-2019 orally once daily at doses ranging from 60 to 1800 mg using an accelerated titration design, with cohort expansion at 1800 mg.

The impact of mutations on the clinical outcome and immune response following immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. This is driven by a high case-fatality rate with most patients even with radiologically localized PDAC at diagnosis ultimately relapsing with metastatic disease. mutations present in 90% to 95% of PDAC drive these poor statistics through its role in driving cellular growth, inhibition of apoptosis, and immunosuppression.

Osteoporosis in the setting of rotator cuff repair: A narrative review.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia are frequently found in patients undergoing shoulder surgery, especially rotator cuff repair, and it is anticipated that this link will become more common as more elderly people have operations on their shoulders. For orthopedic surgical candidates who are at high risk, preoperative screening may identify those who might benefit from early intervention and prevent any associated adverse events. The major complications include repair failure and revision surgery.

#natural, #vegan, #healing: A Content Analysis of Health Content Among Instagram Posts Focused on Cannabis Edibles.

Background: Despite limited scientific evidence, public perceptions of cannabis as health enhancing are significant. As food products, cannabis edibles (edibles), may also leverage food-related associations that convey health. Social media is a prominent and influential source of largely unregulated cannabis information and a potential place to correct misinformation.

Preoperative Acute Depressive Episodes are Associated with Increased Medication Prescribing and Inpatient Services Following Primary Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative healthcare utilization, prescriptions, and shoulder surgery between patients with an acute depressive episode (ADE) and those without an acute depressive episode (NADE) within 3 months before arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods: Diagnostic and procedural codes were used to identify patients in the TriNetX Research Network at least 18 years of age and underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between January 2010 and November 2021. Patients with a previous rotator cuff repair or diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder were excluded.

Epidemiology of bacterial biofilms on polyps and normal tissues in a screening colonoscopy cohort.

Background: Invasive bacterial biofilms are implicated in colorectal cancer. However, their prevalence on histologically normal tissues and polyps is not well established, and risk factors of biofilms have not been previously investigated. Here we evaluated potential procedural and demographic risk factors associated with biofilm status using a cross-sectional observational cohort.

HIF-1 and HIF-2 in cancer: structure, regulation, and therapeutic prospects.

Hypoxia, or a state of low tissue oxygenation, has been characterized as an important feature of solid tumors that is related to aggressive phenotypes. The cellular response to hypoxia is controlled by Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of transcription factors. HIFs promote the transcription of gene products that play a role in tumor progression including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Functional variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Background: Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF; a recessive disorder) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence suggests individuals with a single CFTR variant may also have increased CRC risk.

Methods: Using population-based studies (GECCO, CORECT, CCFR, and ARIC; 53 785 CRC cases and 58 010 controls), we tested for an association between the most common CFTR variant (Phe508del) and CRC risk.

Clinical translation of the interconnected role of the microbiome and diet in genitourinary malignancies.

A complex and often under-appreciated relationship exists between the human microbiome, diet, and the development or progression of cancer. There is likewise an emerging appreciation for the role that the human-associated microbiota play in mediating cancer treatment response. This seminar series covers our current understanding of the interplay between the microbiome and cancer in genitourinary malignancies inclusive of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers.

Improved patient reported outcomes with knotless double-row rotator cuff repair with and without lateral row biceps tenodesis at 2- and 5-years.

Background: The purpose of this study is to report outcomes of an arthroscopic knotless double-row (DR) rotator cuff repair (RCR) technique at 2- and 5- years postoperatively, and to compare clinical outcomes in patients undergoing knotless DR RCR with incorporated lateral row biceps tenodesis (LRT) vs. those without LRT.

Methods: All primary RCR surgeries were performed by a single surgeon at a single institution using a knotless transosseous equivalent (TOE) technique.

Preoperative approach and technical considerations in parotid surgery.

Various approaches and techniques have been developed to address parotid neoplasms over the years. This article reflects on the integration, modification, and refinement of these techniques over a decade of clinical practice. This article provides a narrative description of the evolution of a head and neck oncologic surgeon's approach to parotid neoplasms.

A phase I study of MLN4924 and belinostat in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.

Purpose: Relapsed and/or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome continue to have a poor prognosis with limited treatment options despite advancements in rational combination and targeted therapies. Belinostat (an HDAC inhibitor) and Pevonedistat (a NEDD8 inhibitor) have each been independently studied in hematologic malignancies and have tolerable safety profiles with limited single-agent activity. Preclinical studies in AML cell lines and primary AML cells show the combination to be highly synergistic, particularly in high-risk phenotypes such as p53 mutant and FLT-3-ITD positive cells.

Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Risk After Catheter Ablation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) is well-established. However, data on the impact of RA on AF recurrence postcatheter ablation (CA) remain unclear. This current study aimed to assess the impact of RA on AF recurrence after catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation.

Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) infiltrates the brain and can be synaptically innervated by neurons, which drives tumor progression. Synaptic inputs onto GBM cells identified so far are largely short-range and glutamatergic. The extent of GBM integration into the brain-wide neuronal circuitry remains unclear.

Predicting marine habitat for marbled murrelets during breeding and nonbreeding seasons in the Salish Sea, British Columbia, Canada.

The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a small seabird inhabiting coastal regions along the Pacific coast of North America, and nests in old-growth forests usually within 80 km from shore. The Canadian population of marbled murrelets is listed as Threatened under the federal Species at Risk Act. To investigate the species' marine distribution, we conducted analyses of the occurrence of marbled murrelets at-sea between 2000 and 2022, utilizing at-sea and marine shoreline surveys in the Canadian portion of the Salish Sea.

Phase I study of adavosertib with radiation therapy and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and intratumoral drug levels in recurrent glioblastoma.

Purpose: Adavosertib is an oral small molecular inhibitor of Wee1. The Adult Brain Tumor Consortium performed a phase I study of adavosertib, radiation (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) as well as a surgical window of opportunity study in recurrent GBM.

Patients And Methods: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of adavosertib was determined in adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM using a standard 3+3 design in 2 separate cohorts: with concurrent RT/TMZ or with adjuvant TMZ.