Accelerated quadratic penalty dynamic approaches with applications to distributed optimization.

In this paper, we explore accelerated continuous-time dynamic approaches with a vanishing damping α/t, driven by a quadratic penalty function designed for linearly constrained convex optimization problems. We replace these linear constraints with penalty terms incorporated into the objective function, where the penalty coefficient grows to +∞ as t tends to infinity. With appropriate penalty coefficients, we establish convergence rates of O(1/t) for the objective residual and the feasibility violation when α>0, and demonstrate the robustness of these convergence rates against external perturbation.

Causal contributions of cell-type-specific circuits in the posterior dorsal striatum to auditory decision-making.

In the dorsal striatum (DS), the direct- and indirect-pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs) play crucial opposing roles in controlling actions. However, it remains unclear whether and how dSPNs and iSPNs provide distinct and specific contributions to decision-making, a process transforming sensory inputs to actions. Here, we perform causal interrogations on the roles of dSPNs and iSPNs in the posterior DS (pDS) in auditory-guided decision-making.

A clinical pilot trial of an artificial intelligence-driven smart phone application of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: High-quality bowel preparation is paramount for a successful colonoscopy. This study aimed to explore the effect of artificial intelligence-driven smartphone software on the quality of bowel preparation.

Methods: Firstly, we utilized 3305 valid liquid dung images collected mobile phones as training data.

Prenatal ultrasound scoring in diagnosis and postpartum outcomes prediction for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS): a systematic review.

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is one of the most dangerous pregnancy-related conditions. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of current research on the ultrasound scoring systems used in PAS patients with a comprehensive summarization of researches and comparison of prenatal ultrasound scoring in evaluating postpartum outcomes.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Effects of a comprehensive program on reducing cancer-related fatigue: A randomized controlled trial.

Context: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) can affect patients undergoing chemotherapy severely. A comprehensive intervention targeted for reducing CRF is lacking.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative multi-faceted web-based patient-empowered CRF management program for improving CRF, perceived self-efficacy for fatigue self-management (PSEFSM), physical activity, quality of sleep, anxiety, depression, pain and quality of life (QoL) among gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in China.

Vanadium single-atoms coordinated artificial peroxidases as biocatalyst-linked immunosorbent assay for highly-sensitive carcinoembryonic antigen immunoassay.

In medical and biomedical fields, enzyme-mimetic nanomaterials have garnered significant interest as efficacious signal enhancers for biocatalyst-linked immunosorbent assays (BLISA). Despite the burgeoning enthusiasm, engineering artificial biocatalysts that exhibit both exceptional catalytic proficiency and pronounced colorimetric signal output remains a formidable challenge. Inspired by the heme structures and biocatalytic activities of horseradish peroxidase, we introduce the synthesis of vanadium single-atoms (SAV) coordinated artificial peroxidases as BLISA for highly sensitive and selective carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunoassay.

Unveiling relationships of human instinctive behaviors and blood pressure in Chinese adults: A network analysis.

Objectives: Human behaviors and blood pressure (BP) are closely intertwined, affecting health. However, few studies have demonstrated their complex relationships. Using network analysis, we aimed to untangle the intricate and potential causal relationships between BP and human instinctive behaviors, identifying potential action points for hypertension prevention and control.

The Safety and Efficacy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The safety of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine on pregnancy outcomes in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology remains uncertain due to limited and speculative evidence. Existing studies primarily focus on the vaccination status of females, with scant information available regarding the vaccination status of male partners. Moreover, there is minimal research tracking live birth outcomes.

PTSP-BERT: Predict the thermal stability of proteins using sequence-based bidirectional representations from transformer-embedded features.

Thermophilic proteins, mesophiles proteins and psychrophilic proteins have wide industrial applications, as enzymes with different optimal temperatures are often needed for different purposes. Convenient methods are needed to determine the optimal temperatures for proteins; however, laboratory methods for this purpose are time-consuming and laborious, and existing machine learning methods can only perform binary classification of thermophilic and non-thermophilic proteins, or psychrophilic and non-psychrophilic proteins. Here, we developed a deep learning model, PSTP-BERT, based on protein sequences that can directly perform Three classes identification of thermophilic, mesophilic, and psychrophilic proteins.

Systolic blood pressure modifies the effect of endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a mediation analysis.

Background: Systolic blood pressure (BP) is a key factor in the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receiving endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). However, the factors that mediate the association between BP and clinical outcome are unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients with AIS in the anterior circulation underwent continuous blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours.

Progressive brain atrophy and cortical reorganization related to surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Epilepsy is associated with progressive cortical atrophy exceeding normal aging. We aimed to explore longitudinal cortical alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and distinct surgery outcomes.

Methods: We obtained longitudinal T1-weighted MRI data in a well-designed cohort, including 53 operative TLE patients, 23 nonoperative TLE patients, and 23 healthy controls.

Causal relationship between cheese intake and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus: findings from multivariable mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.

Objective: Previous studies have indicated a potential correlation between cheese intake and risk of various diseases. However, establishing a causal relationship is challenging. To address this, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to simulate randomized trial groups and to investigate whether there is a causal link between cheese intake and the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus.

Unveiling the Potential of Tetrahedral DNA Frameworks in Clinical Medicine: Mechanisms, Advances, and Future Perspectives.

As deoxyribonucleic acis (DNA) nanotechnology advances, DNA, a fundamental biological macromolecule, has been employed to treat various clinical diseases. Among the advancements in this field, tetrahedral frameworks nucleic acids (tFNAs) have gained significant attention due to their straightforward design, structural simplicity, low cost, and high yield since their introduction by Turberfield in the early 2000s. Due to its stable spatial structure, tFNAs can resist the impact of innate immune responses on DNA and nuclease activity.

Association between pulmonary ventilation function and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults: an observational study from Southwest China.

Background: Despite the significant prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Southwest China, cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly individuals in this area surpasses the national average. This study aims to reveal the overall pulmonary ventilation function status of this population, and investigate whether pulmonary ventilation dysfunction is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this region, as suggested by previous researches.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2019-2021 baseline survey of a natural population cohort study conducted in Southwest China.

Maternal multivitamin supplementation mitigates the risk of fetal congenital heart disease associated with high indoor total volatile organic compounds exposure in east china: a case-control study.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common birth defect. Our previous studies suggest that indoor air pollution, especially total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), may increase fetal CHD risk, whereas vitamin and folic acid (FA) supplements in early pregnancy might offer protection against CHD. However, limited research has explored whether FA or multivitamin supplementation can mitigate the effects of TVOCs exposure on CHD.

Comparison of two different secondary rhinoplasties in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analysis the nostril symmetry and nasal stability following secondary rhinoplasty performed with either nasal septal cartilage implantation (G1) or simple alar cartilage suspension and internal fixation (G2) in patients with unilateral secondary cleft nasal deformity.

Methods: Nostril and alar symmetry were analyzed retrospectively in 13 consecutive patients in G1 and 17 in G2. Assessment of three indexes was first performed using photogrammetric measurements of photographs at pre-operation(T1), 7 days after repair (T2), and at least 6 months after repair (T3).

Effectiveness of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training, and resistance and aerobic exercise for cardiovascular health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HIRAC-COPD): a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common and clinically significant comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (H-IMT) has emerged as a promising intervention for improving arterial stiffness in individuals with COPD. Yet, there is limited evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the impact of H-IMT alone or in combination with exercise on reducing arterial stiffness in COPD.

Anesthetic anaphylactic shock in an emergency cesarean section: a case report.

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia is the gold standard for cesarean sections, but general anesthesia is sometimes necessary, especially in emergency cases. Anaphylactic shock due to succinylcholine, a commonly used neuromuscular blocking agent, is rare but life-threatening.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old woman with severe preeclampsia and a history of intracranial vascular malformations underwent an emergency cesarean section.

A novel efficient liquefaction process for corn starch through ternary deep eutectic solvent: Products characterization and liquefaction mechanism.

A novel approach for the solvothermal liquefaction of corn starch (CS) was investigated, using ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) as both an acidic catalyst and a source of liquefaction reagent. Synergistic effects from multi-component TDES were observed, leading to milder reaction conditions (110 °C, 35 min) and improved product selectivity (relative content of polyhydroxy compounds up to 97.83 %).

Kouqiangjie Formula alleviates diabetic periodontitis by regulating alveolar bone homeostasis via miR-29a-3p-mediated Dkk-1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Diabetic periodontitis (DP) is a commonly co-occurring complication in diabetes patients characterized by advanced gum disease and bone resorption. Conventional treatment modalities often fail to adequately address the underlying biological disruptions caused by diabetes. The use of traditional medicinal formulas Kouqiangjie Formula (KQJF) potentially offers novel therapeutic approaches for DP, but its detailed regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Does Two-level Hybrid Surgery Promote Early Fusion Compared with Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?

Background Context: Hybrid surgery (HS), which involves both anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc replacement (ACDR), is increasingly used to treat multilevel cervical disc degenerative disease, yielding satisfactory clinical outcomes. Early fusion is critical after anterior cervical fusion surgeries, but there are no studies comparing the rate of early fusion of HS with that of ACDF.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of early fusion (3-6 months postoperatively) of two-level HS with that of two-level ACDF surgery.

Enhancing AI reliability: A foundation model with uncertainty estimation for optical coherence tomography-based retinal disease diagnosis.

Inability to express the confidence level and detect unseen disease classes limits the clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in the real world. We develop a foundation model with uncertainty estimation (FMUE) to detect 16 retinal conditions on optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the internal test set, FMUE achieves a higher F1 score of 95.