Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Older adults with cognitive impairments will benefit from multicomponent interventions include cognitive training, exercise, and lifestyle modifications. Many digital therapeutic products predominantly focus on computerized cognitive training, lacking effective approaches to other crucial interventions. This study aimed to investigate the long term effects of multidimensional comprehensive cognitive intervention training program - Brain and Body Rehab Training (BBRT), which integrates multidomain cognitive training with physical-cognitive training and multidimensional lifestyle interventions on cognitive performance in participants with cognitive impairment after a 8-month follow-up.

Lingo1 in the hippocampus contributes to cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia and surgery in aged mice.

Cognitive impairment caused by anesthesia and surgery is one of the most common complications with multiple etiologies that occurs in elderly patients. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and there is a lack of therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that myelin loss, abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein and neuronal apoptosis are substantial driving factors of cognitive deficits.

Neurosurgical Intervention in Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage : Experience from a Center in China.

Objective: Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare type of neurologic disorder and remains a challenge for cerebrovascular surgeons. This study intended to investigate the factors associated with neurosurgical intervention and its impact on outcome after PIVH.

Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive patients with PIVH admitted to at a single tertiary academic medical center in China.

Clustered warming tolerances and the nonlinear risks of biodiversity loss on a warming planet.

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to become a major driver of biodiversity loss, destabilizing the ecosystems on which human society depends. As the planet rapidly warms, the disruption of ecological interactions among populations, species and their environment, will likely drive positive feedback loops, accelerating the pace and magnitude of biodiversity losses. We propose that, even without invoking such amplifying feedback, biodiversity loss should increase nonlinearly with warming because of the non-uniform distribution of biodiversity.

[Expert consensus on ethical requirements for artificial intelligence (AI) processing medical data].

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity.

Biopolymer-Based Flame Retardants and Flame-Retardant Materials.

Polymeric materials featuring excellent flame retardancy are essential for applications requiring high levels of fire safety, while those based on biopolymers are highly favored due to their eco-friendly nature, sustainable characteristics, and abundant availability. This review first outlines the pyrolysis behaviors of biopolymers, with particular emphasis on naturally occurring ones derived from non-food sources such as cellulose, chitin/chitosan, alginate, and lignin. Then, the strategies for chemical modifications of biopolymers for flame-retardant purposes through covalent, ionic, and coordination bonds are presented and compared.

Fractional CO Laser to Treat Surgical Scars: A System Review and Meta-Analysis on Optimal Timing.

Background: Surgical scars with textural changes can be disfiguring and uncomfortable for patients. Various laser therapies have shown promise in softening and flattening these scars. Therefore, the authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of fractional CO laser in treating surgical scars.

Modulation on Transconductance and Switching Speed of Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors via Structure Engineering.

Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (vOECTs) have received widespread attention in bioelectronics, wearable, and neuromorphic electronics due to their high transconductance (), low driving voltage, and biocompatibility. As key parameters of vOECTs, and switching speed (or transient time, τ) are vital for achieving satisfying performance in various practical applications. Here we employ vOECTs with varying top electrode widths for effective and switching speed modulation.

Efficacy and safety of telitacicept in IgA nephropathy: a real-world study.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in the world, and specific therapeutic methods for IgAN are limited. Telitacicept is a humanized fusion protein composed of a transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor receptor and human IgG.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telitacicept in adult patients with IgAN in a real-world study.

Antihypertensive strategies for the prevention of secondary stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Stroke is an important contributor to disability and death globally. Hypertension is a main risk factor for recurrent stroke in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure at admission are independently associated with the risk of stroke recurrence.

Near-infrared spectroscopy combined with vascular occlusion test to predict acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables a non-invasive measurement of tissue oxygen saturation (StO) in regions illuminated by near-infrared lights. Vascular occlusion test (VOT) serves as a model to artificially induce forearm ischemia-reperfusion. The combination of StO monitoring and VOT allows for dynamic evaluation of the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption in tissue, as well as the functional reserve of microcirculation.

Low L3 skeletal muscle index and endometrial cancer: a statistic pooling analysis.

Objective: Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the gradual decline of muscle mass, strength, and function, is a key indicator of malnutrition in cancer patients and has been linked to poor prognoses in oncology. Sarcopenia is commonly assessed by measuring the skeletal muscle index (SMI) of the third lumbar spine (L3) using computed tomography (CT). This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between low SMI and clinicopathological features, as well as prognosis, in individuals with endometrial cancer (EC).

The gut-brain axis underlying hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis.

Up to 50-70% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with an unclear mechanism. Here, by constructing gut-brain modules to assess bacterial neurotoxins from metagenomic datasets, we found that phenylalanine decarboxylase (PDC) genes, mainly from Ruminococcus gnavus, increased approximately tenfold in patients with cirrhosis and higher in patients with HE. Cirrhotic, not healthy, mice colonized with R.

Microplastics in aquatic environments: detection, abundance, characteristics, and toxicological studies.

Microplastics (MPs) are fragments with a diameter of less than 5 mm that have been directly manufactured or formed by the degradation of plastic waste. MPs are not only prone to bioaccumulation in the environment, but they also lead to the spread of micropollutants in the environment, thereby threatening human health ecological environment. The useful detection method of MPs and understanding their abundance, characteristics and toxicity are great essential for MPs removal and control.

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Link Between Histone H3K27 Demethylase UTX and Neurodevelopment.

Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX) is a chromatin modifier responsible for regulating the demethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which is crucial for human neurodevelopment. To date, the impact of UTX on neurodevelopment remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of UTX on neurodevelopment through untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Genetic and clinical analysis of in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background: Considerable heterogeneity in genotypes and phenotypes has been observed among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) harbouring optineurin gene () mutations, as reported in prior studies. The study aimed to elucidate the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes.

Methods: gene variants were screened within a substantial Chinese cohort of patients with ALS, encompassing LoF and rare missense variants.

Yeast community in the first-round fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu: Source, succession and metabolic function.

Yeasts play a crucial role in determining the quality and yield of sauce-flavor Baijiu, yet the source, succession, and metabolic functions of the yeast community in fermented grains during stacking fermentation remains unclear. In this study, amplicon sequencing combined with solid-state fermentation was used to investigate the structure and function of yeast community during the first-round fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu. The richness and diversity of yeast community increased throughout fermentation, with 83.

Rheological and thermal property of KH570-modified nano-SiO grafted xanthan gum and its application in drilling fluid system.

Xanthan gum (XG), recognized for its environmentally friendly properties and versatile capabilities, has been studied for drilling fluid applications. However, its limited solubility and thermal stability restricts its broader use. In this study, a modified XG derivative, XG-g-KH570 modified SiO, was synthesized by grafting XG with KH570-modified nano-SiO.

One-pot ligation of multiple mRNA fragments on dsDNA splint advancing regional modification and translation.

Region-specific RNA modifications are crucial for advancing RNA research and therapeutics, including messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines and immunotherapy. However, the predominant method, synthesizing regionally modified mRNAs with short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) splints, encounters challenges in ligating long mRNA fragments due to the formation of RNA self-folded complex structures. To address this issue, we developed an efficient strategy using an easily obtained long double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as a ligation splint after in situ denaturing, while parts of this dsDNA are the templates for transcribing mRNA fragments.

Ras S89D mutation induced allosteric changes that promoted its nucleotide exchange and signaling activation.

The small GTPase Ras is among the most frequently mutated genes and its mutations often drive oncogenesis across various cancers. While the role of NRas phosphorylation at S89 in the context of a Q61R mutation in melanoma genesis remains controversial, the impact of S89 phosphorylation on NRas function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we employed the S89D phosphorylation-mimetic mutation and demonstrated that the S89D mutation alone activated all Ras isoforms by increasing the GTP-bound population, thereby promoting ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation.

A rapid, multiplexed and naked-eye readable paper assay for detecting heavy metal pollution in food using a catalytic colorimetric reaction.

Heavy metal contamination is a serious food safety issue. Herein, we report a rapid, multiplexed and naked-eye readable method for detecting heavy metal pollution in food samples using a cheap colorimetric paper, including milk. We leverage the urease catalysis reaction to amplify the presence of heavy metal ions, Hg and Pb, by exploiting their strong inhibitory effect on urease.

Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Exosomes Enables the Identification of Lung Cancer in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is confirmed as an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Although low-dose CT screening significantly reduces the mortality rate of lung cancer, the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates remain high in the COPD population. Additionally, several COPD patients are unable to undergo invasive histological examinations.

Pear-Shaped Disc as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Sclerotic Modic Changes After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Objective: Pear-shaped disc could increase the risk of intraoperative end-plate injury, which may lead to postoperative sclerotic Modic Changes (MCs). However, there are no studies on the relationship between pear-shaped disc and postoperative sclerotic MCs. Therefore, this study investigates the risk factors for postoperative sclerotic MCs following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Identification of risk factors and development of a predictive nomogram for sarcopenia in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Sarcopenia, with its complex diagnostic process, is a likely independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, research on the clinical characteristics and biomarkers of AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSA) is limited.

Methods: This study included 180 ADSA and 188 AD patients without sarcopenia (ADNSA), and evaluated demographics, cognitive function, motor capacity, emotional state, and daily living abilities.