Landscapes of gut microbiome and blood metabolomic signatures in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.

Although disturbances in the gut microbiome have been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about the changes and interactions between the gut microbiome and blood metabolome, and how these changes affect disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in preventing the progression of MS. In this study, the structure and composition of the gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the serum metabolite profiles from patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and healthy controls (HCs). Results indicated that RRMS was characterized by phase-dependent α-phylogenetic diversity and significant disturbances in serum glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Lerociclib plus fulvestrant in patients with HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on prior endocrine therapy: LEONARDA-1 a phase III randomized trial.

Lerociclib (GB491), a highly selective oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, has displayed anti-tumor activity and differentiated safety and tolerability profile in previous ph1/2 clinical trials. The LEONARDA-1, a randomized, double-blind, phase III study, was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lerociclib in HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients, who had relapsed or progressed on prior endocrine therapy. A total of 275 patients were randomized at 1:1 ratio to receive lerociclib (137 patients, 150 mg twice daily) or placebo (138 patients) plus fulvestrant.

Fasting activates optineurin-mediated mitophagy in chondrocytes to protect against osteoarthritis.

Mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the association between mitophagy and OA remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the autophagy receptor protein optineurin (OPTN) in OA, and explore the effects of dietary intervention on OA symptoms and its relationship with OPTN-mediated mitophagy.

Nanopore Discriminates Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen Hydrogen Bonds in Multiple DNA Contexts.

Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds aid the formation of highly ordered structures in genomic DNA that dynamically govern genetic modes such as gene regulation and replication. Hence, measuring and distinguishing these two types of hydrogen bonds in different DNA contexts are essential for understanding DNA architectures. However, due to their transient nature and minimal structure differences at the sub-nanometer scale, differentiating Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds from Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds is difficult.

Left ventricular elastance with resting volumetric transthoracic echocardiography identifies different phenotypes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous entity including patients with different phenotypes of near normal, normal, and supernormal left ventricular (LV) function.

Objectives: To assess the value of resting LV elastance (also known as force) with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to identify HFpEF phenotypes.

Methods: In a prospective, observational, multicenter study, 2380 HFpEF patients were recruited from July 2016 to May 2024.

Validation of the Chinese version of the Epilepsy Anxiety Survey Instrument (EASI) and its brief version (brEASI) in Western China.

Objective: To translate and validate the Chinese version of the Epilepsy Anxiety Survey Instrument (EASI) and its brief version (brEASI) among Chinese people with epilepsy.

Methods: Adult outpatients from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were recruited. The type of anxiety disorder was determined via the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).

Morphine-Induced Elevation of Reactive Oxygen Species Attenuates Chemotherapy Efficacy in Diverse Cancer Cell Types.

Background: Morphine, a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist commonly utilized in clinical settings alongside chemotherapy to manage chronic pain in cancer patients, has exhibited contradictory effects on cancer, displaying specificity toward certain cancer types and doses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment and comparison of the impacts of morphine on three distinct cancer models in a preclinical setting.

Methods: Viability and apoptosis assays were conducted on a panel of cancer cell lines following treatment with morphine, chemotherapy drugs alone, or their combination.

Safety and efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia in patients with head and neck cancer: a multicenter, prospective, observational, real-world study.

Background: Mecapegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, is approved in China for neutropenia prevention. However, data on its safety and efficacy in patients with head and neck cancer remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia among these patients undergoing chemotherapy, particularly those receiving chemoradiotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy.

Exploring the key genes associated with breast cancer radiotherapy sensitivity based on the stromal-immune score and analysis of the WGCNA and ceRNA network.

Background: Breast cancer is a highly malignant disease worldwide, but there are currently no sufficient molecular biomarkers to predict patient prognosis and guide radiotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor affecting tumor biological function, and changes in its composition are equally relevant to tumor progression and prognosis during radiotherapy.

Methods: Here, we performed bioinformatic analyses using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to screen for molecular biomarkers related to the TME that may influence radiotherapy sensitivity.

Genomic profiles and their associations with microsatellite instability status, tumor mutational burden, and programmed death ligand 1 expression in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent malignancies globally, with a rising incidence observed in younger demographics. Despite surgical resection remaining the cornerstone of treatment, metastatic CRC poses significant therapeutic challenges. Immunotherapy, a mode of treatment that leverages the patient's immune system, presents a promising frontier in CRC management, particularly for late-stage cases with limited treatment options.

A Risk Model Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes OSMR, G0S2, IGFBP6, IGHG2, and FMOD Predicts Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common and highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and their classification remains insufficiently studied.

Objective: This study aims to explore the significance of ferroptosis classification and its risk model in GBM using multi-omics approaches and to evaluate its potential in prognostic assessment.

Impact of Ga-FAPI positron emission tomography/computed tomography on staging and tumor management in patients with gastric cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the added value of additional Ga-FAPI PET/CT following CT for primary staging, detection of postoperative recurrence, and management of gastric cancer patients.

Methods: We retrospectively included patients with gastric cancers who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ceCT), followed by Ga-FAPI PET/CT within 30 days. Ga-FAPI PET/CT was performed for initial staging or detection of postoperative recurrence.

The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

3D-printed constructs deliver bioactive cargos to expedite cartilage regeneration.

Cartilage is solid connective tissue that recovers slowly from injury, and pain and dysfunction from cartilage damage affect many people. The treatment of cartilage injury is clinically challenging and there is no optimal solution, which is a hot research topic at present. With the rapid development of 3D printing technology in recent years, 3D bioprinting can better mimic the complex microstructure of cartilage tissue and thus enabling the anatomy and functional regeneration of damaged cartilage.

Clinicopathological characteristics and predictors of renal outcomes in diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis : a retrospective single-center study from Western China.

Background: The factors influencing diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis renal survival and prognosis remain uncertain. Additionally, there's no literature on the clinical outcomes of IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and IgA vasculitis nephritis in type II patients.

Methods: This study retrospectively examined 107 patients diagnosed with diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis through biopsy.

DNA origami-based composite nanosandwich for iteratively potentiated chemo-immunotherapy.

Developing effective nanoplatforms for chemo-immunotherapy to achieve enhanced tumor suppression and systemic antitumor immunity has recently received extensive attention. Herein, we formulated a multifunctional DNA sandwich nanodevice, DSWAC/siPD-L1, based on triangular DNA origami, to implement enhanced cancer chemo-immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the tumor-targeting ability of the AS1411 aptamer, DSWAC/siPD-L1 efficiently delivered doxorubicin (DOX), CpG, and siPD-L1 into tumor cells.

Standard: Human gastric organoids.

Organoid technology provides a transformative approach to understand human physiology and pathology, offering valuable insights for scientific research and therapeutic development. Human gastric organoids, in particular, have gained significant interest for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and studies of tissue regeneration and homeostasis. However, the lack of standardized quality control has limited their extensive clinical applications.

Validation Status of Electronic Sphygmomanometers in China: A National Survey.

Background: Although the information on the validation status of electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) devices in use in health care institutions and households is much more clinically relevant than that of ES models available on the market, it remains insufficient.

Methods: A national survey was conducted across all administrative regions of mainland China to assess the validation status of ESs. Fifty-eight cities were selected with stratification by municipality, provincial capital, and other cities, and health care institutions and households in each city were chosen by convenience to identify ES devices in use according to the study protocol.

Comparison of chemical constituents in species and their antimicrobial activity for extending the shelf life of foods.

Food spoilage causes significant economic losses and endangers human health. Developing novel antimicrobial agents and preservatives is urgently needed for anti-foodborne diseases and improving food storage. Zhen Zhu Cai () species are well-known edible plants among the East Asian populace that clear heat and anti-aging.

Correlation Between Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging Signs and Differentiation Grade and Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how dynamic contrast-enhanced CT imaging signs correlate with the differentiation grade and microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to assess their predictive value for MVI when combined with clinical characteristics.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 232 patients diagnosed with HCC at our hospital between 2021 and 2022. All patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT scans, laboratory tests, and postoperative pathological examinations.

Pretreatment plasma vitamin D and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: evidence from pooled analysis of cohort studies.

Background: Biological evidence has revealed antitumor effect of vitamin D, but whether it could predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients remains inconclusive. The aim was to investigate the association between pretreatment vitamin D level and response to NAC and subsequent survival outcomes in BC patients.

Materials And Methods: The authors systematically searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases and clinical trial registries to identify relevant articles from inception to 8 October 2024.

Long-term blood glucose control via glucose-activated transcriptional regulation of insulin analogue in type 1 diabetes mice.

Aim: To achieve glucose-activated transcriptional regulation of insulin analogue in skeletal muscle of T1D mice, thereby controlling blood glucose levels and preventing or mitigating diabetes-related complications.

Materials And Methods: We developed the GANIT (Glucose-Activated NFAT-regulated INSA-F Transcription) system, an innovative platform building upon the previously established intramuscular plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery and expression system. In the GANIT system, skeletal muscle cells are genetically engineered to endogenously produce the insulin analogue INSA-F (Insulin Aspart with Furin cleavage sites).

Unveiling the ultimate advantage: a meta-analysis of 3D visualization and problem-based learning in orthopedic education.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) visualization has become increasingly prevalent in orthopedic education to tackle the distinct anatomical challenges of the field. However, there is a conspicuous lack of systematic reviews that thoroughly evaluate both the advantages and drawbacks of integrating 3D with problem-based learning (3D + PBL).

Methods: A rigorous search of English databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Chinese databases (National Knowledge Infrastructure: CNKI, Chongqing VIP: VIP, and Wan Fang) were performed up to July 2024 to identify relevant studies.

Development of a nomogram for predicting early visual acuity outcomes and reoperation rate in patients with open globe injury.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the occurrence and factors influencing early visual acuity (VA) outcomes and reoperation rates in patients with open globe injuries (OGI) and develop a nomogram for predicting early visual acuity outcomes and reoperation rate.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 121 patients with treated OGI. Relevant information of all patients with OGI were collected after a 1-month timeframe post-surgery.