Using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity to assess drought tolerance of spring wheat.

The improvement of phenotyping methods is necessary for large-scale screening studies of wheat ( L.) drought tolerance. The objective of our research was to find out whether it is possible to use chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters instead of biochemical indicators of drought tolerance when screening wheat.

Arabidopsis and genes double knock-out results in a stay-green phenotype during dark-induced senescence.

Yellowing is the first visually observable sign of plant leaf senescence. We found that Arabidopsis double knockout mutant for genes of NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase retains green color of the leaves (stay-green phenotype) during a dark-induced senescence, in contrast to wild-type plants, whose leaves turn yellow. When the plants are exposed to the dark more than four days, they demonstrate slower chlorophyll degradation than in the wild-type plants under the same conditions, as well as dysregulation of chlorophyll breakdown genes encoding chlorophyll reductase, Mg-dechelatase, pheophytinase and pheophorbide oxygenase.

Short Interrupted Repeat Cassette (SIRC)-Novel Type of Repetitive DNA Element Found in .

Short interrupted repeat cassette (SIRC)-a novel DNA element found throughout the nuclear genome. SIRCs are represented by short direct repeats interrupted by diverse DNA sequences. The maxima of SIRC's distribution are located within pericentromeric regions.

Analysis of the Potential Range of L. (Kunth) and Its Changes under Moderate Climate Change in the 21st Century.

The study shows the analysis of the current potential range and the modeling of its changes in the hemiboreal species . The models show the habitat suitability for under moderate climatic changes (RCP4.5) in the middle and second half of the 21st century.

Regions of Chromosome 2A of Bread Wheat ( L.) Associated with Variation in Physiological and Agronomical Traits under Contrasting Water Regimes.

Understanding the genetic architecture of drought tolerance is of great importance for overcoming the negative impact of drought on wheat yield. Earlier, we discovered the critical role of chromosome 2A for the drought-tolerant status of wheat spring cultivar Saratovskaya 29. A set of 92 single-chromosome recombinant double haploid (SCRDH) lines were obtained in the genetic background of Saratovskaya 29.

New insights into the organisation of the oxidative phosphorylation system in the example of pea shoot mitochondria.

The physical and functional organisation of the OXPHOS system in mitochondria in vivo remains elusive. At present, different models of OXPHOS arrangement, representing either highly ordered respiratory strings or, vice versa, a set of randomly dispersed supercomplexes and respiratory complexes, have been suggested. In the present study, we examined a supramolecular arrangement of the OXPHOS system in pea shoot mitochondria using digitonin solubilisation of its constituents, which were further analysed by classical BN-related techniques and a multidimensional gel electrophoresis system when required.

Changes of cellular stress response related and transcript and Hsp70 protein levels in Siberian freshwater amphipods upon exposure to cadmium chloride in the lethal concentration range.

The induction of cellular stress response systems, heat shock protein /Hsp70 and multixenobiotic transporter , by cadmium chloride (CdCl) was explored in amphipod species with different stress adaptation strategies from the Lake Baikal area. Based on the lethal concentrations (LC) of CdCl, the sensitivities of the different species to CdCl were ranked (24 hr LC50 in mg/L CdCl (mean/95% confidence interval)): (1.7/1.

Quantitative characteristics of pubescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are associated with photosynthetic parameters under conditions of normal and limited water supply.

Density and length of leaf pubescence are important factors of diversity in the response to water deficiency among wheat genotypes. Many studies evidence an important protective value of leaf hairiness in plants, especially under the conditions of drought, thermal loads and increased solar radiation. However, the physiological and adaptive roles of such traits in cereals, including cultivated plants, have not been sufficiently studied to date.

Actinobacteria possessing antimicrobial and antioxidant activities isolated from the pollen of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) grown on the Baikal shore.

Isolated ecosystems existing under specific environmental conditions have been shown to be promising sources of new strains of actinobacteria. The taiga forest of Baikal Siberia has not been well studied, and its actinobacterial population remains uncharacterized. The proximity between the huge water mass of Lake Baikal and high mountain ranges influences the structure and diversity of the plant world in Siberia.

Regions of the bread wheat D genome associated with variation in key photosynthesis traits and shoot biomass under both well watered and water deficient conditions.

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) approach was taken to reveal the genetic basis in wheat of traits associated with photosynthesis during a period of exposure to water deficit stress. The performance, with respect to shoot biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf pigment content and the activity of various ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes and catalase, of a set of 80 wheat lines, each containing a single chromosomal segment introgressed from the bread wheat D genome progenitor Aegilops tauschii, was monitored in plants exposed to various water regimes. Four of the seven D genome chromosomes (1D, 2D, 5D, and 7D) carried clusters of both major (LOD >3.

Inhibition of the electron transport strongly affects transcription and transcript levels in Arabidopsis mitochondria.

Mitochondrial transcription rate and RNA steady-state levels were examined in shoots of Arabidopsis seedlings. The shoots were treated with inhibitors of complex III and IV of the cytochrome pathway (CP) and with an inhibitor of the alternative oxidase (AOX) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The inhibition of AOX and CP complexes III and IV affected transcription and transcript levels in different ways.