Botulinum Toxin Application in Facial Esthetics and Recent Treatment Indications (2013-2018).

Background: Ever-changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Esthetics is an individual's perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through centuries with increased awareness about esthetics.

Increasing the width of attached gingiva by using modified apically repositioned flap - A case series.

Attached gingiva plays a promising role in maintaining periodontal health. An adequate width of attached gingiva prevents plaque formation and soft-tissue recession. Among various techniques for augmenting width of attached gingiva, modified apically repositioned flap (MARF) is a simple and easy procedure that does not require a second surgical site.

A three dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal finite element analysis of DARSN temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis for total unilateral alloplastic joint replacement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strain and stress distribution for DARSN alloplastic unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis and the effects on contralateral natural joint using a finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods: The replacement of the TMJ may have complications like infection, failure of hardware, facial paralysis and perforation. The understanding of the mechanical forces exerted by muscles of mastication and jaw movement on the joint helps in identifying the regions on alloplastic TMJ with various maximum forces, which makes that area more prone for failure of hardware.

Natural bioceramics: our experience with changing perspectives in the reconstruction of maxillofacial skeleton.

Objectives: Various bone graft substitute materials are used to enhance bone regeneration in the maxillofacial skeleton. In the recent past, synthetic graft materials have been produced using various synthetic and natural calcium precursors. Very recently, eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) has been evaluated as a synthetic bone graft substitute.

Awareness and attitude toward pictographs on tobacco products: A population-based study in field practice area.

Background: Tobacco use is a major global public health threat for all countries and no form of tobacco use is safe. Pictorial warnings covering 40% area of tobacco products are made mandatory from May 31, 2009 in India. The present study was aimed to investigate the awareness and attitude toward pictorial warnings on tobacco products among age 15 years and above population in field-practice area.

A study to assess expression of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction.

Objective: The diverse subset of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with different clinical appearance and outcome, independent of traditional risk factors has led to increasing attention in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Materials And Methods: The investigation followed a case-control design. Information pertaining to the subjects was retrieved from hospital records.

A preliminary study on plasma concentration achieved following intrapterygomandibular space injection of dexamethasone as a route of drug delivery with lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block-correlation of clinical effects.

Purpose: To determine the quantity of dexamethasone plasma concentration achieved following intrapterygomandibular space injection of dexamethasone when co-administered with inferior alveolar nerve block correlating with the clinical effects in the postoperative phase.

Objective: A preliminary prospective study to evaluate the dexamethasone plasma concentration achieved following intrapterygomandibular space injection of dexamethasone with 2% lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block to achieve hemi-mandibular anesthesia for minor oral surgical procedures and derive clinical correlations.

Background: Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid, chiefly used for the management of postsurgical sequelae like trismus and swelling in maxillofacial surgical practice.

Dermatoglyphic Analysis in Parents with Cleft Children: A Comparative Study.

Background And Objective: There were studies in the literature which showed the altered dermatoglyphics in the cleft children. But it would be beneficial if probable expression can be proved in prior generations, so that genetic counseling and other preventive measures can be undertaken. The aim of the study is to determine variations in dermatoglyphics of prior generations which would serve as bench markers to predict the occurrence of cleft in off springs.

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics: Novel perio-ortho interrelationship.

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a clinical procedure that incorporates selective corticotomy, particulate grafting, and application of optimal orthodontic forces. It reduces treatment time, increases stability of teeth, and prevents relapse of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The present case report highlights the technique and principles of PAOO for rapid OTM.

Endodontic Management of Calcified Oehler's Type IIIb Dens Invaginatus in Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisor Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Dens Invaginatus is a developmental disturbance resulting from abnormal morpho differentiation. It is characterized by an invagination of the enamel and dentin, creating a lumen inside the affected tooth, which may extend as deep as the apical foramen. In the present scenario, calcified Oehler's type IIIb dens invaginatus in left maxillary lateral incisor in 23-year-old male patient was seen.

Effect of acidic pH on microhardness and microstructure of theraCal LC, endosequence, mineral trioxide aggregate, and biodentine when used as root repair material.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the microhardness and microstructural features of newer tricalcium silicate materials: TheraCal LC, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), biodentine (BD), and Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty, after exposure to acidic environments in comparison with distilled water.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 extracted single-rooted premolars were collected. All the selected specimens were sectioned vertically, and cavities were prepared on the root surface.

Unusual root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar and its management: A rare case report.

Clinicians proceed the canal exploration according to the literature so far reported. At times, there are apparent variations in the teeth. These discrepancies should be thoroughly surveyed and piled up to date.

A Perioral Soft Tissue evaluation after Orthognathic Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan.

Background: Facial appearance is an important factor, affects social and psychological well-being. The ideal positioning of jaws and soft tissues is crucial during orthognathic surgery for a better outcome, but the response of facial soft tissues does not always reflect the exact movements of the underlying jaws in 1:1 ratio. So, soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery require utmost attention during surgical correction to make successful treatment.

Quantitative analysis of dental age estimation by incremental line of cementum.

Aim: This study aims to examine the correlation between age and number of incremental lines in human dental cementum among single-rooted teeth (incisors and canines) and to assess the best tooth to estimate age group by studying cementum under phase-contrast microscope and to assess the use of cementum in age estimation.

Materials And Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. A sample of eighty single-rooted undecalcified longitudinal ground sections is prepared from freshly collected teeth with age noted separately and observed under phase-contrast microscope, photographed and counted.

Endodontic treatment of chronically infected primary teeth using triple antibiotic paste: An study.

Aim: Maintenance of primary dentition is imperative for the development of arch form, esthetics, function, mastication, and normal eruption of permanent teeth. Premature loss can cause various problems such as ectopic eruption, space loss for the successor permanent teeth, alterations in speech, and impairment of function. Hence, decayed primary teeth should not be extracted and treated whenever possible.

Atypical anatomy of maxillary second premolar with three roots and four canals.

Knowledge and understanding the anatomical configuration of individual tooth play a significant role in success of endodontic treatment, in addition to through debridement and obturation of the canals. The canal anatomy of maxillary second premolar has been studied extensively, and the presence of a significant variety of multirooted canals is relatively rare in it. A 27-year-old female reported with a chief complaint of pain in her upper right posterior region for 10 days.

One-year comparative evaluation of Ketac Nano with resin-modified glass ionomer cement and Giomer in noncarious cervical lesions: A randomized clinical trial.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of Ketac Nano (Ketac™ N100), RMGIC (Fuji Filling™ LC), and Giomer (Beautifil II) in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Materials And Methods: One operator restored 120 NCCLs in 20 subjects, with at least two lesions restored with one of the restorative materials: RMGIC (control group), Giomer and Ketac Nano (experimental groups). Two observers evaluated retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, color match, surface roughness, and postoperative sensitivity using modified USPHS criteria at baseline, 6, and 12 months.

Estimation of Correlation between Chronological Age, Skeletal Age and Dental Age in Children- A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: In the modern era, identification and determination of age is imperative for diversity of reasons that include disputed birth records, premature delivery, legal issues and for validation of birth certificate for school admissions, adoption, marriage, job and immigration. Several growth assessment parameters like bone age, dental age and the combination of both have been applied for different population with variable outcomes. It has been well documented that the chronological age does not necessarily correlate with the maturational status of a child.

Is accredited social health activists' basic oral health knowledge appropriate in educating rural Indian population?

Introduction: Accredited social health activists (ASHAs) are the grassroot level health activists in the community who are involved in health education and community mobilization toward utilizing the health services.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the oral health knowledge among ASHAs working in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Five Primary Health Centers were randomly selected, and the total sample was 275.

An in vitro Evaluation of Friction Characteristics of Conventional Stainless Steel and Self-ligating Stainless Steel Brackets with different Dimensions of Archwires in Various Bracket-archwire Combination.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to compare the frictional attributes of stainless steel conventional brackets and self-ligating stainless steel brackets with different dimensions of archwires.

Materials And Methods: The test was carried with two sets of maxillary brackets: (1) Conventional stainless steel (Victory Series), (2) stainless steel self-ligating (SmartClip) without first premolar brackets. Stainless steel, nickel-titanium (NiTi), and beta-Ti which are the types of orthodontic wire alloys were tested in this study.

Platelet rich fibrin in the management of established dry socket.

Objectives: Dry socket may occur secondary to the removal of any tooth. However, most dry socket cases develop in the third molar region. Dry socket is multifactorial in nature and has been treated using various modalities with varying success rates.

Effect of three commercially available chewing gums on salivary flow rate and pH in caries-active and caries-free children: An study.

Background And Aim: Adequate salivary flow is an important requisite in the maintenance of oral health. Salivary flow increases in response to both gustatory (taste) and mechanical (chewing) stimuli. Hence, the aim of the present study was to know the efficacy of commercially available chewing gums (sugar free and sugared) on salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH in caries-active and caries-free children.

Simplified Technique to Change the Endotracheal Tube from Nasal to Oral Cavity.

We introduce modified nasal to oral tube switch technique for modified alar cinching to prevent alar flare after orthognathic and nasal corrective surgeries. The technique is beneficial to prevent alar flare. Modified alar base cinching is effective in patients with modified tube switch technique.

Evaluation of Three Different Processing Techniques in the Fabrication of Complete Dentures.

Aims And Objectives: The objective of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of three different processing techniques and to find out the accuracy of processing techniques through number of occlusal interferences and increase in vertical dimension after denture processing.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 18 patients indicated for complete denture fabrication was selected for the study and they were divided into three subgroups. Three processing techniques, compression molding and injection molding using prepolymerized resin and unpolymerized resin, were used to fabricate dentures for each of the groups.