In Vitro Activities of Colistin and Sitafloxacin Combinations against Multidrug-, Carbapenem-, and Colistin-Resistant Using the Broth Microdilution Checkerboard and Time-Kill Methods.

Drug-resistant ) infections are a critical global problem, with limited treatment choices. This study aims to determine the in vitro activities of colistin-sitafloxacin combinations against multidrug-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant (MDR-AB, CRAB, CoR-AB, respectively) clinical isolates from tertiary care hospitals. We used the broth microdilution checkerboard and time-kill methods in this study.

Self-assembly of cyclodextrin complexes: detection, obstacles and benefits.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that form water-soluble inclusion complexes of lipophilic molecules. They are commonly used as pharmaceutical excipients. Recently it has been observed that CDs and CD complexes self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form transient clusters, nanoparticles and small microparticles.

Styrene Oxide Caused Cell Cycle Arrest and Abolished Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts.

Contaminations of chemicals in foods and drinks are raising public concerns. Among these, styrene, a monomer for plastic production, receives increasing interest due to its ability to leach from the packaging and contaminate in foods and drinks causing many health problems. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of styrene monomer (STR) and its metabolite styrene oxide (STO) on C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Changing the Landscape: An Introduction to the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Technical Program at the 258th American Chemical Society National Meeting in San Diego.

This special issue of the (JAFC) is a highlight of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division (AGFD) technical program at the 258th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in San Diego, CA, U.S.A.

Transoral thyroidectomy with a next generation flexible robotic system: A feasibility study in a cadaveric model.

Background: Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy provides access via the oral vestibule and gas insufflation to provide reliable remote access surgery to perform a total thyroidectomy. The da Vinci SP (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is a next generation flexible single port system that offers unique advantages over previous robotic rigid systems.

Development of a hyponatremia screening tool (ABCDF-S score) for patients with hypertension using thiazide diuretic agents.

What Is Known And Objective: Hyponatremia is a common side effect of thiazide diuretics that can lead to increased mortality and hospitalization. A rapid and accurate screening tool is needed for rapid and appropriate management. In this study, we report on the development of a simple clinical screening tool for hyponatremia using thiazide diuretics.

Lessons Learned from the Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) for the Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Early detection of thyroid carcinoma has become commonplace. Consequently, the endoscopic approach has become a widely used method.

Objective: Our aim was to report our experience with the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Prognostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin level for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections in Critically-ill Patients.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a diagnostic biomarker for bacterial infections in critically-ill patients. However, the cut-off value of PCT for the diagnosis of bacterial infections is unclear and unreliable. This study aimed to determine the optimal cut-off value of PCT for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in critically-ill patients.

Antibacterial oral sprays from kaffir lime ( DC.) fruit peel oil and leaf oil and their activities against respiratory tract pathogens.

Background And Aim: Kaffir lime fruit peel oil and Kaffir lime leaf oil have been reported for their activities against respiratory tract pathogens. The purpose of the study was to develop clear oral sprays to be used as a first-defense oral spray.

Experimental Procedure: Clear antibacterial oral sprays were prepared and analyzed for their respective active major compounds, using GC-MS.

Optimal vancomycin dosing regimens for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury during continuous renal replacement therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the optimal vancomycin dosing in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) using Monte Carlo simulation.

Methods: A one compartment pharmacokinetic model was conducted to define vancomycin deposition for the initial 48hours of therapy. Pharmacokinetic parameters were gathered from previously published studies.

Serotype distribution of disease-causing Streptococcus pneumoniae in Thailand: A systematic review.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are currently >98 known serotypes; the most burdensome are covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) such as PCV10 (Synflorix®) and (Prevnar 13®) PCV13. However, at present no PCV is available on the National Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) in Thailand.

Localization of phospholipase C β3 in the major salivary glands of adult mice.

Phospholipase C (PLC)β has a role in saliva secretion by controlling intracellular Cavia its product, IP. The present study was attempted to localize PLCβ isoforms in mouse salivary glands in situ. A single major band was detected for PLCβ3 in immunoblots of the parotid and sublingual glands (PG, SLG), while no such band was seen in the submandibular gland (SMG).

Design and characterisation of electrospun shellac-polyvinylpyrrolidone blended micro/nanofibres loaded with monolaurin for application in wound healing.

Due to their ultrafine network structures, electrospun nanofibres have been potentially used for wound application. In order to develop a desired wound dressing material, shellac (SHL) was blended with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Monolaurin (ML), which is a natural antimicrobial lipid, was incorporated into the SHL-PVP blended fibres to prevent delayed wound healing resulting from microbial infection.

The effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized cartridge on meropenem in critically ill patients requiring renal support.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized cartridge (DHP-PMX) on meropenem pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with sepsis requiring continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Material And Methods: After intravenous infusion of 1 g meropenem over 3 h repeated every 8 h for at least 3 doses, 2 serial blood and ultrafiltration fluid samples were collected: one over a dose interval of meropenem with DHP-PMX therapy; and the other on the following day over a dose interval of meropenem with no DHP-PMX therapy. Meropenem concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.

Anticholinergic discontinuation and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: a pharmacist-physician collaboration in the outpatient department.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a core feature and shows the highest impact on functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. There have been no previous studies investigating the role of the pharmacist in a multidisciplinary team on cognitive outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.

Purpose: We evaluated the impact of pharmacist intervention on cognitive outcomes in patients with schizophrenia by focusing on anticholinergic discontinuation.

Expression and localization of VIAAT in distal uriniferous tubular epithelium of mouse.

Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT) is a transmembrane transporter which is responsible for the storage of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine in synaptic vesicles. According to recent studies, GABA is known to be expressed in the kidney. For clear understanding of the intra-renal GABA signaling, the localization of VIAAT was examined in the present study.

Cefepime dosing regimens in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: a Monte Carlo simulation study.

Background: Cefepime can be removed by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to its pharmacokinetics. The purpose of this study is to define the optimal cefepime dosing regimens for critically ill patients receiving CRRT using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS).

Methods: The CRRT models of cefepime disposition during 48 h with different effluent rates were developed using published pharmacokinetic parameters, patient demographic data, and CRRT settings.

Design and characterization of monolaurin loaded electrospun shellac nanofibers with antimicrobial activity.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the optimized fabrication factors influencing the formation and properties of shellac (SHL) nanofibers loaded with an antimicrobial monolaurin (ML). The main and interaction effects of formulation and process parameters including SHL content (35%-40% w/w), ML content (1%-3% w/w), applied voltage (9-27 kV) and flow rate (0.4-1.

The effect of surfactant on the physical properties of coconut oil nanoemulsions.

The aim of this study was to develop the water compatible form of coconut oil through nano-emulsification. The effect of different types and amounts of surfactants on the physical characteristics of nanoemulsions containing coconut oil was investigated. Coconut oil nanoemulsions containing varied amounts of surfactants including polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether (PGO), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (POS), polyethylene glycol hydrogenated castor oil (PHC), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and poloxamer 407 (PLX) were formulated and comparatively evaluated for their physical properties.

How I Do It: New Dissector Device Allows for Effective Operative Field in Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery Using Vestibular Approach.

Background: Minimally invasive thyroid and parathyroid resections are rarely performed. Promising new endoscopic transoral approaches to the anterior neck (transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach [TOETVA]) have been described with good results and few complications. This study evaluates a new device to allow the safe entrance of trocars in the subplatysmal space for TOETVA in a cadaver model.

Solubility of Cyclodextrins and Drug/Cyclodextrin Complexes.

Cyclodextrins (CDs), a group of oligosaccharides formed by glucose units bound together in a ring, show a promising ability to form complexes with drug molecules and improve their physicochemical properties without molecular modifications. The stoichiometry of drug/CD complexes is most frequently 1:1. However, natural CDs have a tendency to self-assemble and form aggregates in aqueous media.

Topographical Variations between Splenic Flexure and Spleen: A Study with CT Image-Based Reconstruction.

Introduction: An issue that is seldom seen in the literature relates the detailed relationship of the splenic flexure (SF) and the spleen-both carefully examined-with a prospective approach in patients undergoing computer tomography (CT) scan.

Materials And Methods: SF localization has been searched and examined in 120 consecutive CT scans. Several different variables (age, gender, BMI, indication of CT scan, etc.