Residency Match Rates in Orthopaedic Surgery Based on Sex, Under-Represented in Medicine Status, and Degree Type.

Unlabelled: Orthopaedic surgery is well recognized as one of the most competitive and least diverse medical specialties. Despite efforts toward improving diversity, studies have shown that gender and racial/ethnic disparities continue to persist in orthopaedic graduate medical education. Therefore, we sought to identify the match rates of traditionally under-represented groups within orthopaedic surgery-female candidates, racial and ethnic minorities under-represented in medicine (URiM), and osteopathic physicians-compared with their application rates.

Ethnic and Sex Diversity in Academic Orthopaedic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Although the diversity in orthopaedic residency programs has been studied, the diversity within academic orthopaedics has not.

Methods: The board of specialty societies, five leading journals and the National Institutes of Health RePORTER tool, and three accreditation organizations were explored.

Results: The board of directors comprised 220 (72%) Caucasians, 36 (12%) Asians, 4 (1%) Hispanic/Latinos, 29 (9%) African Americans, and 18 (6%) Other individuals; 250 (81%) were men, and 57 (19%) were women.

Cleft Lip and Palate Research in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scientometric Analysis.

Unlabelled: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) comprise over 90% of the world's congenital anomalies and cause significant disability worldwide, while disproportionally burdening low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research can help inform strategies that reduce disparities in accessing CLP care. We performed a scientometric analysis of CLP research in LMICs to identify influential contributors and themes.

Mortality in Early-Onset Scoliosis During the Growth-friendly Surgery Era.

Introduction: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is a spinal deformity that occurs in patients 9 years of age or younger. Severe deformity may result in thoracic insufficiency, respiratory failure, and premature death. The purpose of this study is to describe the modern-day natural history of mortality in patients with EOS.

Diversity and Inclusion in an Orthopaedic Surgical Society: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Diversity and inclusion are critical to providing the best possible health care. Previous studies have shown that diversity among physicians increases cultural competency, which in turn enhances the quality of care provided and increases minoritized patients' participation in decisions regarding their health care. However, physician diversity in both race and sex is lacking in orthopaedic surgery.

The Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity: Revisions within 20 Years after Primary Correction.

Background: As patients grow older, the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity becomes more noticeable than the repaired lip. The authors assessed nasal revisions over 20 years of the senior author's management of unilateral complete cleft lip.

Methods: One hundred patients who underwent primary two-stage nasolabial correction of unilateral complete cleft lip between 1991 and 2001 were reviewed.

One-stage multiple posterior column osteotomies and fusion and pre-op halo-gravity traction may result in a comparative and safer correction of complex spine deformity than vertebral column resection.

Study Design: A retrospective review of prospectively collected from patients recruited at a single center.

Purpose: To test whether safe and optimal correction can be obtained with preoperative halo-gravity traction and posterior spinal fusion with adjunctive procedures but without VCR. Posterior vertebral column resection(VCR) is gaining popularity for correction of severe spinal deformity.

Race, But Not Gender, Is Associated With Admissions Into Orthopaedic Residency Programs.

Background: Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most competitive but least diverse surgical specialties, with ever-increasing academic achievements (such as test scores) shown by applicants. Prior research shows that white applicants had higher United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores as well as higher odds of Alpha Omega Alpha status compared with Black, Hispanic, and other applicant groups. Yet, it still remains unknown whether differences in application metrics by race/ethnicity sufficiently explain the underrepresentation of certain racial or ethnic minority groups in orthopaedic residency programs.

A 5-Year Review of the Designated Leadership Positions of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH).

Purpose: Despite near equal representation of women in medical schools since 2008, the percentage of women in surgical subspecialties has remained low. Hand surgery accounts for one of the highest percentages of women, at 19%. Ascension to leadership positions has not yet been fully studied among this group.

A Competency Assessment Tool for Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair.

Unlabelled: Objective evaluation of operative performance is increasingly important in surgical training. Evaluation tools include global rating scales of performance and procedure-specific skills checklists. For unilateral cleft lip repair, the numerous techniques make universal evaluation challenging.

A prospective randomised study on efficacy of music for decreasing preoperative anxiety in children.

Background: The operating room can be a frightening environment for paediatric patients. This study investigated whether music medicine can mitigate preoperative anxiety in children.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty children undergoing general anaesthesia were randomised to listen to music of the child's choice, lullaby music or no music before induction.

Does a Career in Orthopaedic Surgery Affect a Woman's Fertility?

Background: Orthopaedic surgery lags behind other specialties in the recruitment of women. Concerns about fertility, pregnancy, and childbearing may be a deterrent to women when considering orthopaedic surgery as a specialty.

Methods: An anonymous 168-item survey was distributed to the members of Ruth Jackson Orthopedic Society and the Women in Orthopaedics, an online group exclusive to female orthopaedic surgeons.

High Satisfaction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients on Enhanced Discharge Pathway.

Background: Recently, there have been several reports of using an enhanced discharge pathway following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). No previous studies have prospectively examined patient satisfaction of patients with AIS using an enhanced discharge pathway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with an enhanced discharge pathway for PSF and whether patients felt that their length of stay was appropriate.

Common Elements in Surgical Site Infection Care Bundles for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis at North American Pediatric Institutions: A Survey of POSNA QSVI Challenge Participants.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis is a difficult complication, with little information published regarding the best preventative comprehensive care plan. The Spine Subgroup of the Quality, Safety, Value Initiative (QSVI) committee of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America undertook a survey to generate an overview of bundle elements in comprehensive SSI care bundles across institutions in North America. The purpose of this study was to develop a toolkit of SSI care bundle elements that could be used in developing future SSI care bundles.

A Five-year Review of the Designated Leadership Positions of Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Where Do Women Stand?

Despite the growing number of women entering medical school, female representation among orthopedic surgery is the lowest compared with all areas of medicine. In 2014, 47.7% of students entering medical school were women, but only 13.

Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Objective: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Study Design: A retrospective review of patients with DDH at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2003 to 2012 with 2 years minimum follow-up was conducted. The relationship between socioeconomic factors with late presentation, treatment, and outcomes was examined.

Academic Metrics Do Not Explain the Underrepresentation of Women in Orthopaedic Training Programs.

Background: Among medical specialties, orthopaedic surgery persistently has one of the lowest representations of women in residency programs. This study examined whether differences exist in the academic metrics of the orthopaedic residency applicants and enrolled candidates by sex, which may be contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women. Differences in enrollment rate in orthopaedic residency programs also were analyzed.

Current Trends in Sex, Race, and Ethnic Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency.

Background: The representation of minorities among medical students has increased over the past two decades, but diversity among orthopaedic residents lags behind. This phenomenon has occurred despite a recent focus by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons on the recruitment of minorities and women.

Objective: To analyze the impact of recent efforts on diversity in orthopaedic residents in comparison with other surgical specialties from 2006 to 2015.

Underrepresented Minority Applicants Are Competitive for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs, but Enter Residency at Lower Rates.

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgery residency programs have the lowest representation of ethnic/racial minorities compared with other specialties. This study compared orthopaedic residency enrollment rates and academic metrics of applicants and matriculated residents by race/ethnicity.

Methods: Data on applicants from US medical schools for orthopaedic residency and residents were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 and compared between race/ethnic groups (White, Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Other).