Conservative management of accidental gall bladder puncture during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been an excellent option for the management of kidney stones. There have been many complications in regards to solid organ injury during PCNL. Here we discuss an interesting case of 45-year-old woman, who underwent PCNL for right renal staghorn calculus, and had an accidental puncture of the gall bladder.

Clinico-Immunological Profile of Children Infected with HIV Through Vertical Transmission, in Southern India.

Background: Karnataka, being "High Prevalent State" of southern India, the HIV infection among antenatal women has crossed 1%. There are very few reports available with CD4 count and stage wise clinical spectrum among children. The clinical spectrum among HIV infected infants and children vary in different areas of the world.

Recent trends in the spectrum of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in South India.

Background: Opportunistic infections (OI) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. The pattern of OIs differs widely, hence it is necessary to correlate spectrum of OIs and CD4 counts among HIV infected individuals in specific localities.

Materials And Methods: The present study describes the clinical and laboratory profiles of different OIs among 55 HIV seropositive patients.

Comparison of three blood culture techniques in the diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Background: Isolation of Brucella is the gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis. As Brucella is intracellular and the number of circulating bacteria is usually low, removal/dilution of antibacterial substances, concentration of bacteria and optimal culture conditions may enhance the rate of isolation.

Aims And Objectives: The objective of the following study was to compare the lysis concentration (LC), clot culture and conventional Castaneda blood culture techniques for the isolation rate and recovery time in the diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum: A case report and review of literature.

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum is a rare clinical isolate of primary cutaneous infections. This report describes a case of lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by N. otitidiscaviarum.

Bilateral multiple renal vessels: a case report.

The kidneys receive arterial supply from the paired renal arteries. During routine dissection we observed in an adult male cadaver the following variation. Bilateral variation is seen in 5%-10% of individuals.

A study of knowledge, attitude and practices on immunization of children in urban slums of bijapur city, karnataka, India.

Background: The immunization coverage is not uniform in India. In Karnataka, except for Uttar Kannada District (very high immunization coverage of 95%) and 14 districts that have shown a better immunization coverage (>85% coverage), the remaining 15 districts (including Bijapur District) have poor coverage. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 2002 report on Bijapur district shows that only a little over one fourth of the children were fully immunized (25.

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome: a case report.

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare form of internal male pseudohermaphroditism caused by defects in synthesis or action of Müllerian-inhibiting factor, due to which Müllerian duct derivatives, such as uterus, fallopian tube, and upper vagina, are normally present in 46XY males. Here, we report a 26-year-old male with right-sided obstructed inguinal hernia with left undescended testis. On exploration, hernial sac containing bowel loops, uterus with fallopian tubes, upper vagina, and testes were present.

Kimura's Disease: A Case Report.

Kimura's disease is a rare, benign, slow-growing chronic inflammatory swelling with a predilection for the head and neck region and almost always with peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE levels. Here, we report a 14-year-old male patient with left-sided cheek swelling. It was painless swelling situated anterior to left ear, of 1 year duration, without any other symptoms.

Biochemical effects of lead exposure on battery manufacture workers with reference to blood pressure, calcium metabolism and bone mineral density.

Lead is one of the most widely scattered toxic metals in the environment and used by mankind for over 9,000 years. Lead in the environment may be derived from natural or anthropogenic sources. In humans, lead can cause a wide range of biological effects depending upon the level and duration of exposure.

A child with xeroderma pigmentosum for excision of basal cell carcinoma.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterized by hypersensitivity to sunlight, ocular involvement, and progressive neurological complications. These manifestations are due to a cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation leading to a defect in repair of DNA by the process of nucleotide excision repair. Basal cell carcinoma which is rare in children can occur with XP.

Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis.

Many premalignant and malignant lesions affect the genitalia of elderly men. These include conditions like erythroplasia of Queyret, giant condyloma acuminata, verrucous carcinoma, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are relatively common. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis which is a rare penile condition affecting the elderly.

Topical Phenytoin Application in Grade I and II Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Prospective Study.

Background: India is fast becoming world diabetes capital. Diabetic foot infections are major problems among innumerable complications associated with diabetes.

Material And Methods: A randomized control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical phenytoin on healing in diabetic foot ulcers.

Opportunistic screening for cervical cancer in a tertiary hospital in Karnataka, India.

The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer remains high in India even after sixty years of introduction of the Pap smear (cervical cytology) which is an effective means of identifying preinvasive lesions of carcinoma cervix. The morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer has come down drastically in countries with well established screening programmes at national level. This study aims at screening women for cervical cancer opportunistically during their visit to hospital and to study various types of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the cervix by cervical smear study (Pap smear study).

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the pubis: a case report.

An aneurysmal bone cyst is considered as a locally aggressive benign tumour. Intra-lesional extended curettage and bone-grafting is the mainstay of the treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts. Grafting is used usually in cases where the lesion compromises the mechanical strength of the bone.

Spontaneous rupture of pyometra - a rare cause of peritonitis in elderly female.

The incidence of spontaneous perforations in pyometra is rare, being 0.01-0.5% in gynaecological patients.

Isolation, identification, and antibiogram of enterococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infection.

Background/objectives: Enterococci, though commensals in adult feces are important nosocomial pathogens. The most common nosocomial infection caused by these organisms is urinary tract infection.

Objectives: (1) To isolate and speciate enterococci from cases of urinary tract infection.

A study of morbidity and subsidence of symptoms : subject to time gap of snakebite and treatment.

The objectives of the study were to assess the morbidity and the time taken for the subsidence of symptoms among snakebite victims and study the Interval between snakebite and initiation of treatment It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Patients were studied at the time of admission and were followed-up until recovery or death. A total of 84 patients were studied between April 2006 and March 2007.

Improved Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis using bleach Microscopy Method.

Background: The bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is largely dependent on the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy. This method has a low sensitivity, which can be improved by the concentration of the specimen with sodium hypochlorite (NaoCl), followed by centrifugation before doing acid fast staining (AFB).

Aim: To study the improvement in the sensitivity of the sputum smear by the bleach method.

Giant cell tumor of lower end of tibia.

Introduction. Giant cell tumor of bones is an unusual neoplasm that accounts for 4% of all primary tumors of bone, and it represents about 10% of malignant primary bone tumors with its different grades from borderline to high grade malignancy. Case Report.

Effect of dexamethasone added to lidocaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study.

Background: Different additives have been used to prolong brachial plexus block. We performed a prospective, randomised, double-blind study to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone added to lidocaine on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block as this is the most common type of brachial block performed in our institute.

Methods: Sixty American Society of Anaesthesiologist's physical status I and II patients undergoing elective hand, forearm and elbow surgery under brachial plexus block were randomly allocated to receive either 1.