Subchronic hypoxia pretreatment on brain pathophysiology in unilateral common carotid artery occluded albino rats.

Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on brain pathophysiology in rats pretreated with subchronic hypoxia.

Materials And Methods: Rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomized into three groups: Group 1 served as sham, Group 2 were normoxic (21% O and 79% N), and Group 3 were hypoxia preconditioned (10% O and 90% N) for 21 days before left common carotid artery occlusion (LCCAO). The LCCAO was done for 75 min followed by reperfusion for 12 h.

Rehydration of Air-Dried Smears with Normal Saline: An Alternative for Conventional Wet Fixation Method in Cervical Cytological Study.

Context: Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is an effective exfoliative cytological investigation done for early recognition of cervical cancer. It also plays role in diagnosis of inflammatory lesions of cervix.

Aims: The aim of this study is (1) to compare the cytomorphological features in conventional Pap smear (C-PAPS) and rehydrated air-dried Pap smear (RADPS) and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of RADPS in cytodiagnosis of cervical lesion by comparing with cytomorphological features of conventional wet-fixed Pap smear.

Impaired Pulmonary Lung Functions in Workers Exposed to Bagasse: Is Obesity an Added Risk?

Context: Effect of obesity and dust exposure on lung functions.

Aim: To assess the pulmonary functions in asymptomatic, dust-exposed sugarcane factory workers with obesity as an added risk.

Settings And Design: A cross-sectional study.

Primary concept of nickel toxicity - an overview.

Toxic metals, including excessive levels of essential metals tend to change biological structures and systems into either reversible or irreversible conformations, leading to the derangement of organ functions or ultimate death. Nickel, a known heavy metal is found at very low levels in the environment. Nickel is available in all soil types and meteorites and also erupts from volcanic emissions.

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Ropivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block.

Objective: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is preferable to general anaesthesia in upper limb surgeries. Various adjuvants have been added to improve the quality of the block and prolong postoperative analgesia. The aim of the present study was to compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade with the quality of perioperative analgesia and postoperative complications provided by dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to ropivacaine under ultrasound (USG) guidance in supraclavicular block.

UNHEALTHY WEIGHT IN INDIAN FAMILIES: THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NUTRITION TRANSITION.

India faces a dual burden of increasing obesity and persistent underweight as it experiences the nutrition transition-the dietary and lifestyle changes that accompany globalization, economic development, and technological change. Yet, the nutrition transition is not solely a top-down process; rather, global forces converge with local practices at multiple levels of the social ecology. The family environment, a key site for the transmission of local customs and norms, remains largely unexplored in India.

Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death. Oxytocin is the standard therapy for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, but it requires cold storage, which is not available in many countries. In a large trial, we compared a novel formulation of heat-stable carbetocin with oxytocin.

Utilization of Open Source Technology to Create Cost-Effective Microscope Camera Systems for Teaching.

Background: Open source technologies and mobile innovations have radically changed the way people interact with technology. These innovations and advancements have been used across various disciplines and already have a significant impact. Microscopy, with focus on visually appealing contrasting colors for better appreciation of morphology, forms the core of the disciplines such as Pathology, microbiology, and anatomy.

Erosive Benign Fibro-osseous Lesion of the External Auditory Canal.

The term fibro-osseous lesion encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic that microscopically exhibit a connective tissue matrix containing formless trabeculae of compact bone. Characteristically, they are located over healthy bone, from which they are abruptly differentiated. The majority of the lesions arise from the maxillofacial region; the occurrence of a lesion in the external auditory canal (EAC) being extremely rare as is in our case.

Sialolipoma of parotid gland in a 1-year-old male child: A case report and review of literature.

Sialolipoma is a recently described rare histological variant of lipoma, characterized by well-demarcated proliferation of mature adipocytes with secondary entrapment of salivary gland elements. Less than forty cases of sialolipoma have been reported in English literature. This tumor has been reported both in major and minor salivary glands, with the parotid gland being the most common site.

A Study of Platelet Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Altered platelets have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus and has been considered as a 'prothrombotic state' with enhanced platelet reactivity. They have been associated with increased risk of vascular complications in these patients. Platelet indices correlate with functional status of platelets and is an emerging risk factor of vascular complications in diabetes.

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Guided by Bispectral Index and Sedation-Agitation Scale.

Background: Mechanical ventilation and sedation are inextricably linked components of critical care that represent, what we do for the patients during their vulnerable course in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of midazolam and dexmedetomidine in patients on mechanical ventilator with the help of Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring and correlation of BIS with Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS).

Settings And Design: Prospective, observational, and comparative study.

Protective effects of Ethanolic Extract of (amla) on Cardiovascular Pathophysiology of Rats, Fed with High Fat Diet.

Introduction: Dietary high fat alters lipid profile and possibly induce sympatho-vagal imbalance. is found to be potential antioxidant and possibly counteract hyperlipidemia induced lipid peroxidation.

Aim: To assess Ethanolic extract of (EEO) as lipid lowering and cardiovascular protective agent against high dietary fat supplemented to experimental rats.

Comparison of tamsulosin and silodosin in the management of acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients planned for trial without catheter. A prospective randomized study.

Introduction: We present a prospective randomized study to compare the efficacy of tamsulosin and silodosin in patients suffering from acute urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia, planned for trial without catheter.

Material And Methods: Patients with acute urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (total 160) were catheterized and randomized into two groups: Group A: tamsulosin 0.4 mg (80 patients) and Group B: silodosin 8 mg (80 patients).

Chondroid Lipoma in Left Thigh -A Rare Case Report.

Chondroid lipoma is a rare variant of lipoma and often confused with chondroid tumours such as soft tissue chondroma, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma. It consists of two components - adipose tissue and cartilaginous tissue. Differentiating chondroid lipoma from its malignant variant such as extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma is necessary as the treatment modality is more intense and aggressive for latter.

Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumour: A Rare Case Report and Discussion of Differential Diagnosis.

Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumour (PHAT) is one of the rare soft tissue tumour which is non-metastasizing. The origin of this tumour is yet uncertain. It occurs in adults as a slow growing subcutaneous mass mimicking clinically and histologically to various benign and malignant soft tissue tumours such as schwannoma, haemangioma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

A Rare Case of Genital Malformation with Omphalocele, Exstrophy of Bladder, Imperforate Anus and Spinal Defect Complex-Autopsy Findings.

Omphalocele, Exstrophy of cloaca, Imperforate anus and Spinal defects (OEIS) is a severe manifestation of exstrophy-epispadias sequence with a combination of defects including OEIS. It results from improper closure of anterior abdominal wall and defective development of cloaca and urogenital septum due to defect in blastogenesis during the 4 week of gestation. Identification of this complex is important through foetal autopsy as this condition can recur in siblings.

Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of from Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Eastern Karnataka.

Introduction: Clinical management of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is influenced by the antimicrobial vulnerability patterns.

Objective: The study aimed to analyse the resistance pattern of the () causing UTI in patients over a period of 4 years from 2012 to 2015.

Materials And Methods: 1000 samples from patients suspected of having urinary tract infections were collected and processed for culture and antimicrobial drug susceptibility as per the routine microbiological techniques.

Neuroanatomical Changes in Brain Structures Related to Cognition in Epilepsy: An Update.

Understanding the microanatomical changes in brain structures is necessary for developing innovative therapeutic approaches to prevent/delay the cognitive impairment in epilepsy. We review here the microanatomical changes in the brain structures related to cognition in epilepsy. Here, we have presented the changes in major brain structures related to cognition, which helps the clinicians understand epilepsy more clearly and also helps researchers develop new treatment procedures.