Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection in hemodialysis patients in southwest Iran.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health concern, particularly in developing countries. Diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in hemodialysis patients is crucial because of the risk of developing active tuberculosis in this population due to attenuated immune response. Herein, we assessed the prevalence of LTBI in hemodialysis patients.

The impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on the occupational stress and burnout experienced by nurses in geriatric wards? A randomized controlled trial.

In this clinical trial, 60 nurses from three geriatric centers were enlisted and randomly split into two groups: control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30). Statistical analysis using SPSS version 21 employed Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi square, and t-test to assess results. The intervention group received eight training sessions.

Vitamin D supplementation affects bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells.

Background this study was conducted to assess the effects of vitamin D on differentiation of bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into insulin producing cells (IPCs). Method BM-MSCs were isolated from femur and tibia of rats and incubated in low (LG) or high glucose (HG) (5mM or 25mM), or high glucose DMEM media supplemented with vitamin D (0.2nM) (HGD) for 14 days.

Knowledge and Practices of Women Regarding Malaria and Its Prevention: A Community-Based Study in an Area under Malaria Elimination Programme in Iran.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are two core interventions for control and prevention of malaria infection. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of women regarding malaria and its preventive measures in a malarious area in the Jask County, southeast of Iran.

Methods: Data was collected from 400 households through a two-stage random cluster sampling method in six villages.

Metabolic Responses to High-Fat Feeding and Chronic Psychological Stress Combination.

Introduction: High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and being exposed to daily psychological stress, common environmental factors in modern lifestyle, play an important role on metabolic disorders such as glucose homeostasis impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and psychological stress combination on metabolic response to chronic psychological stress in male rats.

Method: Male Wistar rats were divided into HFD, and normal diet (ND) groups and then into stress and nonstress subgroups.

Rectal versus intravenous administration of acetaminophen; Clinical investigation of plasma level, analgesic, and antipyretic effects on 6-month to 6-year-old children in Zabol city, Iran.

Objectives: Acetaminophen is the most widely antipyretic analgesic medicine used in adults and children worldwide. Rectal acetaminophen is widely used in children who resist or cannot take oral medications. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of rectal and IV acetaminophen in children with fever and mild to moderate pain.

Comparison of the effect of Everolimus, Prednisolone, and a combination of both on experimentally induced peritoneal adhesions in rats.

Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions represent a significant post-surgical problem. Its complications can cause a considerable clinical and cost burden. Herein, our study aimed to investigate the effect of Everolimus on peritoneal adhesion formation after inducing adhesions in rats.

Functionalization of β-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks with gelatin and glutamine for drug delivery of curcumin to cancerous cells.

Beta-cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Framework (β-CD-MOF) is a unique class of porous materials that merges the inherent properties of cyclodextrins with the structural advantages of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). When combined with the concept of MOFs, which are crystalline structures composed of metal ions or clusters linked by organic ligands, the resulting β-CD-MOF holds immense potential for various applications, especially in the field of drug delivery. In this study, biocompatible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized using β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and potassium enabled drug delivery of curcumin (CCM) to cancerous cells.

Successful bilateral lung transplantation in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with approximately 1000 known cases worldwide, in which calcium phosphate microliths deposit in the alveolar air spaces. As of writing this report, no definitive conventional therapy exists, and many PAM cases may progress to severe respiratory failure and potential death. Bilateral lung transplantation (BLx) seems to be the most optimal solution; however, this procedure is challenging along with limited reports regarding the outcome in PAM.

Improvement effects of transplanting pancreatic islet that previously incubated with biomaterials on the diabetic nephropathy in STZ- diabetic rats.

Background: Islet transplantation is an effective treatment for diabetes or even its complications. Aim of this study is to investigate efficacy of biomaterial treated islet transplantation on treating diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups; Control, diabetic control, diabetic transplanted with untreated islets, with platelet rich plasma treated islets, with pancreatic islets homogenate treated islets, or with these biomaterials combination treated islets.

Recent advances in synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels for bioimaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment.

Graphene quantum dot (GQD) integration into hydrogel matrices has become a viable approach for improving drug delivery and bioimaging in cancer treatment in recent years. Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted interest as adaptable nanomaterials for use in biomedicine. When incorporated into hydrogel frameworks, these nanomaterials exhibit enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli.

Enzyme-responsive mannose-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for breast and liver cancer therapy and tumor-associated macrophage immunomodulation.

Background: Chemo-immunotherapy modifies the tumor microenvironment to enhance the immune response and improve chemotherapy. This study introduces a dual-armed chemo-immunotherapy strategy combating breast tumor progression while re-polarizing Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAM) using prodigiosin-loaded mannan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PG@M-MNPs).

Methods: The physicochemical properties of one-step synthetized M-MNPs were analyzed, including X-ray diffraction, FTIR, DLS, VSM, TEM, zeta potential analysis, and drug loading content were carried out.

Biosensors for metastatic cancer cell detection.

Early detection and effective cancer treatment are critical to improving metastatic cancer cell diagnosis and management today. In particular, accurate qualitative diagnosis of metastatic cancer cell represents an important step in the diagnosis of cancer. Today, biosensors have been widely developed due to the daily need to measure different chemical and biological species.

The effect of quercetin on adipogenesis, lipolysis, and apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: The role of SIRT1 pathways.

Background: Lipotoxicity, caused by adipocyte triglyceride over-accumulation, contributes to obesity-related comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, respiratory dysfunction, and osteoarthritis. This study focuses on determining how sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) mediates quercetin's (QCT) effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Key aspects of this study include preventing adipogenesis, inducing lipolysis, and stimulating adipocyte apoptosis.

Demographic, clinical, and surgical features of patients undergoing thyroidectomy due to thyroid lesions in Southern Iran: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: The incidence of thyroid cancer has witnessed a significant global increase and stands as one of the most prevalent cancers in Iran. This surge is primarily attributed to the escalating incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), with overdiagnosis emerging as an equally noteworthy factor. Consequently, this study aims to ascertain the incidence of thyroid cancer, along with its clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, and surgical features in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Protective effects of Panax Ginseng against 131I-induced genotoxicity in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: Radioiodine (131I) therapy (RAIT) is associated with oxidative stress (OS)-induced DNA damage in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The goal of this study was to evaluate the possible ameliorating effects of Panax Ginseng (PG) on RAIT-induced genotoxicity in patients with DTC.

Materials And Methods: Forty DTC patients who had received 131I (100 to 175 mCi) were enrolled in this study.

Quercetin declines LPS induced inflammation and augments adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes SIRT-1 dependently.

Background: Inflammation is an important factor contributing to obesity-induced metabolic disorders. Different investigations confirm that local inflammation in adipose issues is the primary reason for such disorder, resulting in low-grade systemic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and epigenetic modification are among the varied properties of Quercetin (QCT) as a natural flavonoid.

Serosurvey of anti-rubella and anti-measles IgG antibodies in young females in Jahrom, southern west Iran in 2012: A review of literature of the serological profile in Iran.

Background: Rubella and measles are two highly contagious viral childhood diseases. However, the high possibility of brutal effects of both microorganisms during pregnancy has kept them emerging as a major public health issue. The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of rubella and measles among 15-25-year-old females in southwest Iran.