Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Focus on Biomarkers for Screening.

Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasia that can originate in the oral cavity or lips. It is a serious global health problem and one of the ten most common cancers worldwide. Over the years, changes in the trends of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers have been observed.

IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22 CD4 subset in patients with hepatitis C virus and correlation with clinical factor.

Background: CD4 T cell responses in HCV infection have a crucial role in the immunopathology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Our aim was to investigate the frequency of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells in HCV-infected patients and elucidate their role in the progression of the disease.

Methods: Twenty-six HCV-infected patients and 26 healthy individuals were recruited.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of KIR genes in patients with endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC) constitutes more than half of all genital cancers in women, with an increasing incidence in different countries. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are kinds of innate immune cells that are controlled by sets of receptors, such as killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which can inhibit or activate NK cells. In this study, we evaluated the diversity and genetic association of KIRs in confirmed cases of endometrial cancer compared to healthy controls.

Serum Interleukin-38 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Primary Brain Tumors.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and brain stromal cells produce immunosuppressive cytokines, contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine and a natural modulator of the innate and adaptive immune system. However, its biological roles in brain tumors are not well defined.

Immunological mechanisms of the nucleocapsid protein in COVID-19.

The emergence of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting from Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has left an indelible mark on a global scale, causing countless infections and fatalities. This investigation delves into the role of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein within the HEK293 cells, shedding light on its influence over apoptosis, interferon signaling, and cytokines production. The N gene was amplified, inserted into the pAdTrack-CMV vector, and then transfected to the HEK293 cells.

A comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptome data to identify signature genes associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. Absence of symptoms at primary tumor stages, as well as high aggressiveness of the tumor can lead to high mortality in cancer patients. Most patients are recognized at the advanced or metastatic stage without surgical symptom, because of the lack of reliable early diagnostic biomarkers.

Prostate cancer: Novel genetic and immunologic biomarkers.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the most prevalent male malignancies worldwide with a global burden estimated to increase over the next two decades. Due to significant mortality and debilitation of survival, early diagnosis has been described as key. Unfortunately, current diagnostic serum-based strategies have low specificity and sensitivity.

Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with Anti-NKG2D/IL-15(N72D)/Sushi fusion protein: Targeting cytotoxic immune cells and boosting IL-15 efficacy.

Background: There are a number of distinct challenges and complexities associated with administering IL-15 for cancer immunotherapy that must be taken into consideration.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to design a fusion protein for targeting cytotoxic immune cells and enhance IL-15 efficiency.

Methods: A fusokine that contains IL-15(N72D), a Sushi domain, and anti-NKG2D scFv was designed.

Unveiling promising breast cancer biomarkers: an integrative approach combining bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.

Background: Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge worldwide, necessitating the identification of reliable biomarkers for early detection, accurate prognosis, and targeted therapy.

Materials And Methods: Breast cancer RNA expression data from the TCGA database were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The top 500 up-regulated DEGs were selected for further investigation using random forest analysis to identify important genes.

Negative prognostic behaviour of PD-L1 expression in tongue and larynx squamous cell carcinoma and its significant predictive power in combination with PD-1 expression on TILs.

Background: Biomarkers that can predict outcome will improve the efficacy of treatment for HNSCC patients. In this regard, we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic effect of PD1, PD-L1, and CD45RO in tongue and larynx squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: FFPE tissue blocks of 63 larynx and 40 tongue squamous cell carcinoma samples were selected, cut into 3 µm sections, and immunohistochemically stained for PD1, PD-L1, and CD45RO.

Using meta-analysis and machine learning to investigate the transcriptional response of immune cells to Leishmania infection.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan affecting millions of people worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The immune response involves the activation of various cells to eliminate the infection. Understanding the complex interplay between Leishmania and the host immune system is crucial for developing effective treatments against this disease.

Frequent expression of CD45RO memory T cell marker as well as low to high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitory molecules in seminoma and dysgerminoma.

Background: Seminoma and dysgerminoma are rare testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors characterized by a significant infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. According to the failure of conventional treatments in some patients, it is crucial to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of CD45RO and PD-1/PD-L1 and investigate their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells: A Promising Off-the-Shelf Therapeutic Strategy for CD38-Positive Malignancies.

Background: CD38 is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and has been successfully targeted by different target therapy methods. This molecule is a critical prognostic marker in both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objective: We have designed and generated an anti-CD38 CAR-NK cell applying NK 92 cell line.

Epidemiological Profile of Salivary Gland Tumors in Southern Iranian Population: A Retrospective Study of 405 Cases.

Aims: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a rare and diverse group of tumors that account for 3 to 10% of all head and neck malignancies. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of SGTs in the south of Iran and compare the findings with previous reports from Iran and other parts of the world.

Methods: Using a retrospective study, 405 patients diagnosed with SGTs were observed over an eight-year period between April 2013 and October 2021 in Shiraz, Iran.

Modulation of semaphorin 3C & 4D expression in cancerous tissues from individuals with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background Objectives: Semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors but were subsequently implicated in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation and a variety of other physiological and developmental functions. Various semaphorins enhance or inhibit tumour progression through different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of various semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcripts as well as the serum level of Sema3A in individuals with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Anti-CD19/CD8 bispecific T cell engager for the potential treatment of B cell malignancies.

The administration of blinatumomab was accompanied by several adverse effects, including activation of regulatory T-cells and cytokine storm. The objective of this study was to produce and evaluate a novel αCD8/CD19 BiTE (αCD8/CD19) with the potency to directly target CD8T-cells. In-silico studies were utilized for determining proper folding, receptor binding, and structural stability of αCD8/CD19 protein.

Evaluation of cell adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and L-selectin) in ankylosing spondylitis patients after treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000).

Background & Objectives: To examine β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) effects on L-selectin shedding and leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression as mechanisms of action of this drug in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: To investigate the molecular consequences of β-D-mannuronic acid on L-selectin shedding, flow cytometry method was used. Furthermore, the effect of it on LFA-1 gene expression was analyzed by using quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR technique.

Glucosamine-Modified Mesoporous Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: A "Raisin-Cake"-like Structure as an Efficient Theranostic Platform for Targeted Methotrexate Delivery.

This study presents the synthesis of glucosamine-modified mesoporous silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a therapeutic platform for the delivery of an anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX). The MNPs were coated with mesoporous silica in a templated sol-gel process to form MNP@MSN, and then chloropropyl groups were added to the structure in a post-modification reaction. Glucosamine was then reacted with the chloro-modified structure, and methotrexate was conjugated to the hydroxyl group of the glucose.

In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of mebendazole in colon cancer: a promising drug repositioning.

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the main causes of death worldwide. Therefore, new treatment methods with better efficiency and fewer risks are very necessary. Mebendazole (MBZ), a drug commonly used for helminthic infections, has recently received attention as a suitable candidate for the treatment of various cancers.

Dual Functions of T Lymphocytes in Breast Carcinoma: From Immune Protection to Orchestrating Tumor Progression and Metastasis.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type in women and the second leading cause of death. Despite recent advances, the mortality rate of BC is still high, highlighting a need to develop new treatment strategies including the modulation of the immune system and immunotherapies. In this regard, understanding the complex function of the involved immune cells and their crosstalk with tumor cells is of great importance.

Design, synthesis, computational study and cytotoxic evaluation of some new quinazoline derivatives containing pyrimidine moiety.

Quinazoline derivatives, as an important category of heterocyclic compounds, have received much attention for the design and development of new drugs due to their various pharmacological properties. Besides, there is a great deal of evidence showing pyrimidine analogs as anticancer agents. Thus, in the present study, for the design of new target compounds with cytotoxic activity, we focused on various quinazolinone and pyrimidine hybrids.

Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Cyrtopodion Scabrum: An in vitro Study against Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Background: Natural treatment of cancer has received a lot of attention recently due to its advantages including low cost, and fewer side effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimetastatic properties of Cyrtopodion scabrum, a common home gecko, through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process.

Methods: Human colon cancer HCT116 cell line was selected and allocated into the following experimental groups: untreated control, vehicle control (DMSO), Retinoic acid (RA), and two treatment groups including aqueous C.