Japanese clinical practice guidelines for oral cancer, 2023.

The Japanese Society of Oral Oncology and Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons have jointly developed clinical practice guidelines for oral cancer (oral squamous cell carcinoma) to improve and standardize the quality of oral cancer treatment in Japan. The first, second, and third editions were published in 2009, 2013, and 2019, respectively, and the 2023 edition was recently developed. In the development of the 2023 edition, 60 clinical questions (CQs) were listed.

Influences of the short-term dietary carbohydrate restriction on the chicken cecal tonsil.

This study aims to clarify influences of the short-term carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on plasma cells in chicken cecal tonsil (CT) using immunohistochemical and morphometrical techniques. Healthy male layer chickens were randomly divided into the control and three experimental groups. The three experimental groups were fed with diets containing 50%, 25%, and 0% CHO of that in the control diet, respectively.

Advanced aqueous phenazine redox flow battery enhanced by selective interfacial water behavior on Co/NC modified electrode.

Although aqueous organic redox flow battery (RFBs) is a highly promising energy storage device, the redox reaction kinetics of the anode organic electrolyte material, especially for phenazine derivatives, are limited by low electrochemical activity of traditional porous carbon electrodes. Herein, Co/NC composite electrocatalyst was elaborated to significantly enhance the redox reaction kinetics of phenazine derivatives, in which Co/NC electrocatalyst could improve energy efficiency of aqueous phenazine RFBs by 43.2 % compared to pure carbon felt electrodes at current density of 100 mA/cm.

Design and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Kappa-Carrageenan Pickering Emulsion Biocomposite Films for Potential Wound Care Applications.

This study aimed to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and kappa-carrageenan (κCA) biocomposite films using a Pickering emulsion technique for wound care applications. Juniper essential oil and modified sepiolite were incorporated to enhance functionality, with films prepared via solvent casting and characterized for structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. The PCOS-2 film exhibited the highest mechanical performance, with Young's modulus of 6.

Impact of Below-the-Knee Runoff in Patients With Lower Extremity Artery Disease Who Underwent Endovascular Therapy Using Drug-Coated Balloons in Femoropopliteal Lesions.

Background: The impact of below-the-knee (BK) runoff after drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment in femoropopliteal (FP) lesions has not been well investigated.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter observational study enrolled 291 consecutive patients with lower extremity artery disease who underwent endovascular therapy with DCBs for FP lesions between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were classified into four groups based on the BK runoff.

Glucocorticoid tapering pace in microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japanese real-world practice: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study from the J-CANVAS registry.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and outcomes among regimens of glucocorticoid tapering for microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in real-world practice.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the Japan Collaborative Registry of ANCA-associated Vasculitis (J-CANVAS) registry, and evaluated the prevalence of glucocorticoid tapering regimens in the PEXIVAS trial. In patients with newly diagnosed MPA and GPA, we compared outcomes among standard and reduced pace regimens.

Successful portosystemic shunt embolization resolves hepatic encephalopathy and enhances hepatic function and glycemic control in MASH-related cirrhosis: a case report.

We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with advanced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) secondary to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-related cirrhosis who exhibited an excellent response to portosystemic shunt embolization. Four years earlier, she was diagnosed as having MASH-related cirrhosis accompanied by multiple mesenteric vein-inferior vena cava shunts. As her condition progressed, she suffered recurrent HE that was unresponsive to oral medication, prompting the decision to proceed with shunt embolization.

Novel Membrane Designed Polyether Sulfone Filter Reduces Filtration Membrane Obstruction Rate in Drop-Type With Adjustable Concentrator Cell-Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy (DC-CART).

Background: In cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART), filtration membrane obstruction during the ascites processing step is an important clinical problem. A novel membrane designed polyether sulfone filter (n-PES) was developed to reduce filter membrane obstruction. However, no clinical studies have compared the performance of n-PES filters with that of conventional filters.

Physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, and progression to sarcopenia in older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: To examine the combined association of physical inactivity and depressive symptoms with the progression to sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A 4-year follow-up longitudinal study.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults living in Japan, who were not sarcopenic at baseline.

Comparison of muscle synergies in walking and pedaling: the influence of rotation direction and speed.

Background: Understanding the muscle synergies shared between pedaling and walking is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of human motor control and establishing highly individualized rehabilitation strategies. This study investigated how pedaling direction and speed influence the recruitment of walking-like muscle synergies.

Methods: Twelve healthy male participants pedaled at three speeds (60 RPM, 30 RPM, and 80 RPM) in two rotational directions (forward and backward).

mutation-related immune checkpoint molecule absent in melanoma 2 () contributes to immune infiltration in pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia: evidence from bioinformatics analysis.

Background: The use of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 () as a crucial target for kinase inhibitors is well established, but its association with immune infiltration remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between mutations and immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were used to identify the ICMs associated with mutations.

Time-efficient strategies in human iPS cell-derived pancreatic progenitor differentiation and cryopreservation: advancing towards practical applications.

Background: Differentiation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) helps researchers to study the individual sensibility to drugs. However, differentiation protocols are time-consuming, and not all tissues have been studied. Few works are available regarding pancreatic exocrine differentiation of iPS cells, and little is known on culturing and cryopreserving these cells.

Relationship between self-rated health, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Objective: Poor self-rated health (SRH) and physical frailty are both significant predictors of disability in older adults, but their joint association on health outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SRH, physical frailty, and incidence of disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study included 2838 older adults aged 65 years or older (mean age, 73.

Differential linea alba width in pediatric umbilical hernias: a comparative analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between linea alba width and unclosed pediatric umbilical hernias.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with pediatric umbilical hernias persisting beyond the age of 2, from April 2014 to March 2021. Additionally, data from children who underwent computed tomography (CT) for other conditions or injuries, such as diarrhea or traffic accidents, were collected from April 2010 to March 2022.

Expression of Neurotrophins and Its Receptors During Fetal Development in the Human Cochlea.

We determined the relative expression levels of the receptors , , , and and ligands , , , and with RNAseq analysis on fetal human inner ear samples, located TrkB and TrkC proteins, and quantified with in situ hybridization on histological sections between gestational weeks (GW) 9 to 19. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and satellite glia appear to be the main source of and synthesis peaks twice at GW10 and GW15-GW17. Tonotopical gradients of revert between GW8 and GW15 and follow a maturation and innervation density gradient in SGNs.

Interface engineering for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a promising approach for solving sustainable energy challenges and achieving carbon neutrality goals. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a key bottleneck in the PEC water-splitting system occurring at the photoanode/electrolyte interface, plays a fundamental role in sustainable solar fuel production. Proper surface or interface engineering strategies have been proven to be necessary to achieve efficient and stable PEC water oxidation.

Investigation of pure lung microbiota in patients with lung cancer after eliminating upper airway contamination: a prospective cohort study.

Background: While the relationship between gut microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer has been elucidated, the relationship between lung microbiota and lung cancer remains unclear. Previous study findings are inconclusive due to the possibility of contamination by upper airway microbiota in samples obtained from the oropharynx, such as saliva and sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected during bronchoscopy. Therefore, this study aimed to detect pure lung microbiota in patients with lung cancer using BALF samples from resected lung specimens.

Clinical implication of metastasis in the second most radioactive sentinel lymph node with nonmetastatic most radioactive node in patients with breast cancer.

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) using radioisotopes is a standard method for assessing axillary lymph node status in patients with breast cancer. Although preoperative lymphoscintigraphy can estimate the number of sentinel lymph nodes (SNs), multiple radioactive SNs are often identified, even when lymphoscintigraphy reveals only one SN. Importantly, metastases are not always observed in the most radioactive SN (hottest SN).

Anacardic Acid Derivatives Isolated from Fungal Species as New Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors.

Anacardic acid (AA) was first detected in the shells of cashew nuts, Anacardium occidentale, and is known to possess inhibitory activity against acetyltransferases. Recently, several anacardic acid derivatives (AAds) were isolated from the wild fungus, Tyromyces fissilis, which has been reported as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated whether nine AAds function as acetyltransferase inhibitors.

Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation for ventricular tachycardia: a review of clinical trials and emerging roles of imaging.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a severe arrhythmia commonly treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation (CA). Although CA is effective in reducing recurrent VT, its impact on survival remains uncertain, especially in patients with extensive scarring. Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) has emerged as a novel treatment for VT in patients unresponsive to CA, leveraging techniques from stereotactic body radiation therapy used in cancer treatments.

Real-world data of first-line treatment with pembrolizumab for NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression in elderly patients: a subgroup analysis of HOT/NJLCG2001.

Background: In the first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (tumor proportion score ≥ 50%), this study aimed to determine whether pembrolizumab monotherapy (MONO) or pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (COMB) should be selected.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study (sub-analysis of the HOT/NJLCG2001 trial) of 299 patients with NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression who received MONO or COMB as the first-line treatment between December 2018 and January 2020. We selected patients aged 75 years and older and assessed the clinical efficacy and toxicity.

Long-Term Outcomes of Reduced-Toxicity Conditioning Using 8-Gray Total Body Irradiation, Fludarabine, and Cyclophosphamide in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Hematological Malignancies.

Recent studies have indicated that total body irradiation (TBI)-based reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC) may be a potential treatment modality, especially in adults with leukemia. However, its efficacy and safety in children with hematological malignancies remain unclear. To investigate the long-term outcomes and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using an 8-Gray (Gy) TBI/fludarabine (FLU)/cyclophosphamide (CY) RTC in children with hematological malignancies.

NIR-responsive injectable nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced angiogenesis for promoting full-thickness wound healing.

Angiogenesis plays a vital role in the treatment of full-thickness wounds. Deferoxamine (DFO) has been employed to promote neovascularization, however, smart drug delivery systems are needed to optimize its utilization. In this study, an injectable extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking hydrogel (HOG@P&D) was developed by leveraging the dynamic Schiff base and hydrogen bonds among a chitosan derivative (HACC), oxidized alginate (OSA), gelatin, and DFO-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (P&D) for efficient wound healing.