MuSIC report III: tumour microcirculation patterns and development of metastasis in long-term follow-up of melanocytic uveal tumours.

Purpose: To statistically determine differences in microcirculation patterns between nevi and uveal melanomas and the influence of these patterns on metastatic potential in the long-term follow-up of 112 patients with melanocytic uveal tumours. In vivo markers indicating malignancy and metastatic potential have implications for treatment decision.

Methods: Primary diagnosis and work-up included clinical examination, fundus photography, standardized A and B scan echography as well as evaluation of tumour microcirculation patterns via confocal fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

p16INK4A expression is frequently increased in periorbital and ocular squamous lesions.

Background: p16 expression is a well established biomarker of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma arising from high risk human papilloma virus infection. Increased p16 expression is also seen in squamous neoplasms arising at other sites, including head, neck, and oropharyngeal tract. Squamous lesions are also frequently encountered at ocular surface and peri-orbital skin sites, but the prevalence of increased p16 expression in these lesions has been poorly studied.

RESOLUTION OF SUBRETINAL FLUID AND OUTER RETINAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH OCRIPLASMIN.

Purpose: To evaluate the aftermarket efficacy of ocriplasmin for vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and identify the frequency and duration of structural changes on optical coherence tomography.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective case series of 36 eyes treated with ocriplasmin for symptomatic VMA at a single center between February 2013 and September 2013. Eyes were evaluated for release of VMA at 1 month postinjection, preinjection adhesion size, postinjection closure of macular hole, presence of subretinal fluid after release of adhesion, size of subretinal fluid, outer retinal structural change, and visual acuity at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year.

The Frequency of Optical Coherence Tomography Testing in Glaucoma at a Single Academic Medical Center.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations compared with clinical examinations and visual field (VF) tests in patients with 5 types of glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted of 5154 patients treated between 2003 and 2010 at a single academic medical center. Patients were classified using billing records as having primary open-angle glaucoma, low-tension open-angle glaucoma (NTG), pigmentary open-angle glaucoma, chronic angle-closure glaucoma, or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Prevalence of comorbid retinal disease in patients with glaucoma at an academic medical center.

Background: Patients with various retinal diseases and patients who have undergone retinal procedures and surgeries have an increased risk of developing ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Little is known about the epidemiology of comorbid retinal diseases in glaucoma patients. This study evaluated the prevalence of retinal comorbidities in a population of patients with five types of glaucoma.

Effect of glaucoma medications on 24-hour intraocular pressure-related patterns using a contact lens sensor.

Background: The aim of this article was to study the circadian intraocular pressure (IOP)-related effects of ocular hypotensive medications using a contact lens sensor (CLS).

Design: This is a university-based prospective, randomized, crossover trial.

Participants: A total of 23 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma participated.

A sustained intravitreal drug delivery system with remote real time monitoring capability.

Unlabelled: Many chorioretinal diseases are chronic and need sustained drug delivery systems to keep therapeutic drug level at the disease site. Many intravitreal drug delivery systems under developing do not have mechanism incorporated for a non-invasive monitoring of drug release. The current study prepared rugate porous silicon (pSi) particles by electrochemical etching with the current frequency (K value) of 2.

Time Spent in Lateral Sleep Position and Asymmetry in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To explore sleep position in asymmetric primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with a focus on low pressure glaucoma (LPG).

Methods: Sleep laboratory videos of 54 POAG patients were examined for lateral sleep. Then, 29 LPG patients (intraocular pressure [IOP] < 22 mm Hg) with an intereye visual field index (VFI) asymmetry of more than 5% continuously recorded their sleep position at home for 2 nights by using a portable device.

Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetic Retinopathy in Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes.

Context And Objective: Insulin resistance and chronic inflammation are key elements in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that similar mechanisms could have a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an important microvascular complication in Latinos with type 2 diabetes.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional, family-based, observational cohort study.

Optic Nerve Head Deformation in Glaucoma: A Prospective Analysis of Optic Nerve Head Surface and Lamina Cribrosa Surface Displacement.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term, longitudinal displacement of the optic nerve head (ONH) and anterior lamina cribrosa surfaces in glaucoma patients imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).

Design: Prospective study.

Participants: A total of 173 eyes of 108 subjects (88 with glaucoma and 20 normal subjects) followed for a mean of 5.

Whole-exome sequencing implicates UBE3D in age-related macular degeneration in East Asian populations.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central blindness among the elderly worldwide. We use exome sequencing to analyse nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) across the whole genome of 216 neovascular AMD cases and 1,553 controls. As a follow-up validation, we evaluate 3,772 neovascular AMD cases and 6,942 controls from five independent cohorts in the East Asian population.

The N-terminal Set-β Protein Isoform Induces Neuronal Death.

Set-β protein plays different roles in neurons, but the diversity of Set-β neuronal isoforms and their functions have not been characterized. The expression and subcellular localization of Set-β are altered in Alzheimer disease, cleavage of Set-β leads to neuronal death after stroke, and the full-length Set-β regulates retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and hippocampal neuron axon growth and regeneration in a subcellular localization-dependent manner. Here we used various biochemical approaches to investigate Set-β isoforms and their role in the CNS, using the same type of neurons, RGCs, across studies.

Perioperative pharmacological management of choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To compare subtenon triamcinolone versus systemic dexamethasone for perisurgical management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment presenting with a choroidal detachment (RRD/CD).

Methods: Thirty consecutive primary RRD/CD patients were prospectively studied. Sixteen RRD/CD patients were injected with a 40 mg subtenon triamcinolone acetonide (TA) 5 days before a scheduled vitrectomy (TA group) while the other 14 RRD/CD patients were intravenously infused daily with 10 mg dexamethasone (Dex) for 5 days before a scheduled vitrectomy (Dex group).

Safety and pharmacodynamics of suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as a controlled ocular drug release model.

Suprachoroidal injection is an emerging technique for drug delivery to the posterior segment, which is hard to reach by non-invasive approaches. However, the injection technique varies and the associated ocular safety is not well understood. In addition, it is not clear if drug formulation is a major factor in optimizing pharmacodynamics using this technique.

Macular atrophy progression and 7-year vision outcomes in subjects from the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON studies: the SEVEN-UP study.

Purpose: To assess the incidence and progression of macular atrophy and other key anatomic outcomes over 7 to 8 years in an early cohort of ranibizumab-treated exudative age-related macular degeneration patients.

Design: Follow-up analysis of long-term outcomes in a multicenter treatment cohort.

Methods: Fourteen study sites enrolled 65 previous subjects from the ranibizumab treatment arms of the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON trials.

Pharmacogenomics of response to anti-VEGF therapy in exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine whether there is an association between response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and genotype in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Analysis of the current literature evaluating pharmacogenetics of treatment response in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Results: Studies have demonstrated associations between various genotypes and response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents.

Long-term outcomes on lens clarity after lens-sparing vitrectomy for retinopathy of prematurity.

Objective: To describe the long-term effect of lens-sparing vitrectomy surgery for advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on lens clarity.

Design: Retrospective case series at a single tertiary referral pediatric vitreoretinal practice.

Participants: Four hundred ninety-six eyes from 351 patients were included.

Promoting filopodial elongation in neurons by membrane-bound magnetic nanoparticles.

Filopodia are 5-10 μm long processes that elongate by actin polymerization, and promote axon growth and guidance by exerting mechanical tension and by molecular signaling. Although axons elongate in response to mechanical tension, the structural and functional effects of tension specifically applied to growth cone filopodia are unknown. Here we developed a strategy to apply tension specifically to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) growth cone filopodia through surface-functionalized, membrane-targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs).

Magnetic field-guided cell delivery with nanoparticle-loaded human corneal endothelial cells.

To improve the delivery and integration of cell therapy using magnetic cell guidance for replacement of corneal endothelium, here we assess magnetic nanoparticles' (MNPs') effects on human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) in vitro. Biocompatible, 50 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles endocytosed by cultured HCECs induced no short- or long-term change in viability or identity. Assessment of guidance of the magnetic HCECs in the presence of different magnet shapes and field strengths showed a 2.

Light-responsive nanoparticle depot to control release of a small molecule angiogenesis inhibitor in the posterior segment of the eye.

Therapies for macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy require intravitreal injections every 4-8 weeks. Injections are uncomfortable, time-consuming, and carry risks of infection and retinal damage. However, drug delivery via noninvasive methods to the posterior segment of the eye has been a major challenge due to the eye's unique anatomy and physiology.

YAP inhibition blocks uveal melanogenesis driven by GNAQ or GNA11 mutations.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common adult intraocular tumor. UM often involves activating mutations in guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), q polypeptide (GQ), or G Protein, α 11 (G11). We show that the Yes-associated protein (Yap) inhibitor verteporfin blocks tumor growth of Gq/11-mutated UM cells.

Micelle formulation of hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV) as an intravitreal long-lasting delivery system.

There still is an unmet need for a safe and sustained intravitreal drug delivery system. In this study we are proposing and characterizing a micelle based, clear-media intravitreal drug delivery system using the lipid derivatized nucleoside analog, hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV, CMX 001). HDP-CDV forms micelles in water and in vitreous supernatant with the critical micelle concentration of 19 μg/mL and 9 μg/mL, respectively at 37 °C.

A randomised, controlled comparison of latanoprostene bunod and latanoprost 0.005% in the treatment of ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma: the VOYAGER study.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of latanoprostene bunod (LBN) compared with latanoprost 0.005%, and to determine the optimum drug concentration(s) of LBN in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in subjects with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Methods: Randomised, investigator-masked, parallel-group, dose-ranging study.