Outcomes of noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1 colorectal cancer: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study in Japan.

Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of lymph node metastasis and long-term outcomes in patients with T1 colorectal cancer where endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resulted in noncurative treatment. It is focused on those with deep submucosal invasion, a factor considered a weak predictor of lymph node metastasis in the absence of other risk factors.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, prospective study conducted a post-hoc analysis of 141 patients with T1 colorectal cancer ≥20 mm where ESD of the lesion resulted in noncurative outcomes, characterized by poor differentiation, deep submucosal invasion (≥1000 μm), lymphovascular invasion, high-grade tumor budding, or positive vertical margins.

Mechanisms of resistance and correlation between pre-treatment co-alterations and p-prognosis to osimertinib in chemo-naïve advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Several patients treated with osimertinib experience progressive disease. The aim was to clarify the mechanisms underlying resistance to osimertinib.

Methods: ELUCIDATOR: A multi-centre, prospective, observational study involved chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving osimertinib.

Atezolizumab and chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (AtTEnd): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: At the time of AtTEnd trial design, standard treatment for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer included carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. This trial assessed whether combining atezolizumab with chemotherapy might improve outcomes in this population.

Methods: AtTEnd was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial done in 89 hospitals in 11 countries across Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Asia.

Predictive Value of PERCIST for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Preoperative Induction Therapy - A Multicenter Study in Japan.

Background: Induction therapy followed by surgery is recommended as an alternative treatment strategy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients who achieve pathologic response after induction therapy have better outcomes than non-responders; therefore, therapeutic response must be evaluated. Recently, new approaches for monitoring therapeutic responses, which are based on F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), have been developed.

Long-term outcomes of the first prospective study of active surveillance for prostate cancer in Japan.

Background: Active surveillance for prostate cancer was initiated in the early 2000s. We assessed the long-term outcomes of active surveillance in Japan.

Methods: This multicenter prospective observational cohort study enrolled men aged 50-80 years with stage cT1cN0M0 prostate cancer in 2002 and 2003.

Niraparib in Japanese patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: final results of a multicenter phase 2 study.

Objective: This study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of niraparib in Japanese patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.

Methods: This was a follow-up analysis of a phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study in Japanese women with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer. Participants received niraparib (starting dose 300 mg) once daily in continuous 28-day cycles.

TP53 signature predicts pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: Observational and confirmational study using prospective study cohorts.

The TP53 signature is considered a predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response and prognostic factor in breast cancer. The objective of this study was to confirm TP53 signature can predict pathological complete response (pCR) and prognosis in cohorts of breast cancer patients who received NAC in prospective studies. Development cohorts (retrospective [n = 37] and prospective [n = 216] cohorts) and validation cohorts (NAC administered prospective study cohorts [n = 407] and retrospective perioperative chemotherapy (PC)-naïve, hormone receptor (HrR)-positive cohort [PC-naïve_HrR+ cohort] [n = 322]) were used.

A case of EBV-associated inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen.

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) of the spleen are rare and have often been reported to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Radiographically differentiating IPTs of the spleen from other malignant tumors is challenging, and splenectomy is often performed as a definitive treatment. We report a case of an EBV-associated splenic IPT in a male patient in his 70s.

Longitudinal Analyses of Circulating Tumor DNA for the Detection of EGFR Mutation-Positive Advanced NSCLC Progression During Treatment: Data From FLAURA and AURA3.

Introduction: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-sensitizing and -resistance mutations may be detected in plasma through circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Circulating tumor DNA level changes reflect alterations in tumor burden and could be a dynamic indicator of treatment effect. This analysis aimed to determine whether longitudinal EGFR-mutation ctDNA testing could detect progressive disease (PD) before radiologic detection.

Long-term Outcome After Surgical Resection of Para-aortic Lymph Node Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: The significance of resection of para-aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer is controversial.

Objective: To clarify the prognosis of colorectal cancer after para-aortic lymph node metastasis resection.

Design: Multicenter retrospective study.

High-risk pathogenic germline variants in blood relatives of BRCA1/2 negative probands.

Background: Tailored, preventive cancer care requires the identification of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) among potentially at-risk blood relatives (BRs). Cascade testing is carried out for BRs of probands who are positive for PGVs of an inherited cancer but not for negative probands. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of PGVs for BRs of PGV-negative probands.

The effect of exercise and educational programs for breast cancer patients on the development of breast cancer-related lymphoedema: secondary endpoint from a randomized controlled trial in the Setouchi Breast Project-10.

Background: Although the association between higher physical activity and preventive effect on breast-cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) has been reported, it is unclear what intervention is optimal. We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise and educational programs on BCRL development.

Methods: This study was a secondary endpoint analysis from a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Report of case series: Correlation between pathological and radiological evaluation and clinical course of three cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with cytoreductive nephrectomy after combined immuno-oncology therapy.

Introduction: The pathologic evaluation and clinical course of cytoreductive nephrectomy after combined immuno-oncology therapy were reviewed to understand the benefits of cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Case Presentation: Three patients with clear cell carcinoma underwent tumor biopsy before combined immuno-oncology therapy. Case 1 was found to have a sarcomatoid component upon nephrectomy and continued with combined immuno-oncology therapy.

Baseline gut microbiota as a predictive marker for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer: a multicenter prospective cohort study in the Setouchi Breast Project-14.

Purpose: Various studies have demonstrated the causal relationship between gut microbiota and efficacy of chemotherapy; however, the impact of gut microbiota on breast cancer has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the gut microbiota before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its consequent efficacy in breast cancer.

Methods: This prospective observational study included patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary early breast cancer at eight institutions between October 1, 2019, and March 31, 2022.