Intraoperative variations in intra-axial brain tumor size after craniotomy: a prospective study with histopathological and tumor tissue composition correlation, introducing concepts of tumor expansion and tumor surfacing.

Intraoperative assessment of tumor margins can be challenging; as neoplastic cells may extend beyond the margins seen on preoperative imaging. Real-time intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) has emerged as a valuable tool for delineating tumor boundaries during surgery. However, concerns remain regarding its ability to accurately distinguish between tumor margins, peritumoral edema, and normal brain tissue.

Analysis of risk factors in angiographically proven coronary artery disease in rural and urban Indian population. Prospective observational multicentre study: Kashmir Heart Survey.

Background: The global burden of cardiovascular diseases is increasing rapidly, and changing trends in epidemiological risk factors are identified among diverse Indian population. There has been a significant increase in heart attack deaths over the past 3 years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Are we missing a link? There is an urgent need for studies to confirm any epidemiological shift in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors.

Evaluating the role of active TGF-β1 as inflammatory biomarker in Kashmiri (North-Indian) patients with systemic sclerosis: a case-control study.

Background: As a master immune system regulator, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is closely linked to the complicated pathophysiology and development of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a multisystem fibrotic disease.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the transcriptional levels of TGF-β1 mRNA in PBMCs, assess the TGF-β1 serum levels of SSc patients, and compare them with those of healthy subjects.

Methods: PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 50 SSc patients and in 30 healthy controls.

Skin testing - A valued tool for assessing adverse reactions to anaesthetic agents in patients allergic to multiple drugs: A case report from a secondary-level hospital.

Patients with allergy to multiple drugs who have experienced anaphylaxis multiple times present a significant challenge in perioperative management. This report presents a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with cholelithiasis scheduled for cholecystectomy. The patient has a history of adverse reaction to multiple drugs, including Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefpodoxime, Levofloxacin and two additional drugs (one analgesic and the other multivitamin) each resulting in symptoms suggestive of anaphylaxis on separate occasions.

Expanded phenotypic spectrum in MODY 5 patients with 17q12 deletion syndrome: experience from an Indian tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: To study the clinical and genotypic spectrum of patients with deletions (MODY 5) at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This study included four patients from the Department of Endocrinology at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar with a strong clinical suspicion of MODY 5. Genetic analysis, including a monogenic gene panel comprising 78 genes associated with MODY and other similar forms of monogenic diabetes, was done.

Early Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction after Colorectal Surgery: Incidence and Exploratory Analysis of Potential Risk Factors.

Background: Early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) is a common complication following colorectal surgery, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of EPSBO and identify potential risk factors among patients who underwent colorectal surgery.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on a cohort of 100 patients who underwent colorectal surgery at a tertiary center at SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.

Spondyloocular Syndrome: First Case of Rare Osseous and Ocular Syndrome from India with Novel Mutation and Expanded Phenotypic Spectrum.

Spondyloocular syndrome (SOS) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal and ocular disorder with variable phenotypes. It is caused by pathogenic mutation in the XYLT2 gene, which encodes the enzyme xylo-transferase, necessary for the synthesis of proteoglycan. It is characterized by generalized osteoporosis, short stature, hearing impairment, eye abnormalities, and cardiac defects.

Effects of pain education on disability, pain, quality of life, and self-efficacy in chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Low back pain stands as a prevalent contributor to pain-related disability on a global scale. In addressing chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is a growing emphasis on incorporating psychological strategies into the management process. Among these, pain education interventions strive to reshape pain beliefs and mitigate the perceived threat of pain.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Potential Applications in Mitigating Cancer.

In recent years, the field of nanotechnology has brought about significant advancements that have transformed the landscape of disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, particularly in the realm of medical science. Among the various approaches to nanoparticle synthesis, the green synthesis method has garnered increasing attention. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as particularly noteworthy nanomaterials within the spectrum of metallic nanoparticles employed for biomedical applications.

Significance and implications of FHIT gene expression and promoter hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Background: Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) has been documented to play a vital role in various cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Keeping in view the plausible role of FHIT gene, we aimed to examine DNA promoter hypermethylation and mRNA expression in ALL cases in Kashmir (North India).

Methods: A total of 66 cases of ALL were analyzed for FHIT mRNA expression and promoter methylation by qRT-PCR and Methylation Specific-PCR (MS-PCR) respectively.

The Neem Limonoid Nimbolide Modulates Key Components of the DNA Damage Response Signalling in Cellular and Animal Models of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Deregulated DNA damage response (DDR) network is implicated in cancer progression and therapy resistance.

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate whether nimbolide, an anticancer neem limonoid, targets key components of the DDR signalling pathway in cellular and animal models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: OSCC cells (SCC-4 and SCC-9), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinoma model, chemoresistant OSCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established in athymic nude mice, and tissue sections from patients with oral premalignant/malignant disease were used for the study.

Regulatory role of miR-125a expression with respect to its target genes LIFR, ERBB2 and STAT3 in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy losses.

Objectives: Studies have investigated miR-125a for its predictable role in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases to regulate many biological events required for the maintenance of pregnancy by regulating its confirmed target genes LIFR, ERBB2 and STAT3.

Methods: The present study included 40 cases of women with at least two RPLs in ≤20 weeks of gestation against 40 healthy multiparous women without a previous history of abortion. Expression analysis of ERBB2, LIFR, STAT3 and miR-125a was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of bilateral erector spinae plane block versus thoracic epidural analgesia in open cardiac surgeries approached through midline sternotomy.

Background: The efficacy of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block in mitigating postoperative pain has been shown for a range of thoracic and abdominal procedures. However, there is a paucity of literature investigating its impact on postoperative analgesia as well as its influence on weaning and subsequent recovery in comparison to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in median sternotomy-based approach for open-cardiac surgeries and hence the study.

Methods: Irrespective of gender or age, 74 adult patients scheduled to undergo open cardiac surgery were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups: the Group TEA (thoracic epidural block) and the Group ESP (bilateral Erector Spinae Plane block).

Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Plectranthus rugosus extract and fractions: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches.

Background: Inflammation is a key biological reaction that comprises a complex network of signals that both initiate and stop the inflammation process.

Purpose: This study targets to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the leaves of the Plectranthus rugosus (P. rugosus) plant involving both in vitro and in vivo measures.

Jejunogastric Intussusception: A Rare Case Report Study.

Unlabelled: Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare, potentially fatal complication of gastrojejunostomy following any gastric resection or gastric bypass surgery. Very less no of cases have been reported to date in the literature, with a very low incidence of <0.1%.

ABO and Rhesus blood group markers as predictors in colorectal cancer: A prospective observational study.

Numerous research studies have investigated the relationship between ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups and the risk of various cancers, yielding diverse findings. While these blood groups have been established as prognostic factors in some cancers, their relevance to colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain. This research aims to determine the link between CRC and the ABO and Rh blood groups and explore any potential implications for disease survival.

Safety and efficacy of treatment for chronic hepatitis C during pregnancy: A prospective observational study in Srinagar, India.

In India, the estimated prevalence of antenatal HCV infection is 0.3%-2.8%, and the rate of mother-to-child transmission has been estimated at 5%-15%.

Repurposing approved non-oncology drugs for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical prospects.

Cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with predictions of increasing prevalence in the coming years due to limited prevention, late diagnosis, and inadequate success with current therapies. In addition, the high cost of new anti-cancer drugs creates barriers in meeting the medical needs of cancer patients, especially in developing countries. The lengthy and costly process of developing novel drugs further hinders drug discovery and clinical implementation.

Evaluation of chromosome 1p/19q deletion by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) as prognostic factors in malignant glioma patients on treatment with alkylating chemotherapy.

Background: Either deletion or co-deletion of chromosomal arms 1p or 19q is a characteristic and early genetic event in oligodendroglial tumors that is associated with a better prognosis and enhanced response to therapy. Information of 1p/19q status is now regarded as the standard of care when managing oligodendroglial tumors for therapeutic options in anticipation of the increased survival and progression-free survival times associated with it. Keeping this in view, we first time attempted to establish the FISH based detection of 1p/19q deletion in glioma tissue samples to evaluate its role and involvement in the disease.

Improving Surgical Safety in Living Donor Renal Transplantation With Antiseptic Skin Preparation, Bladder Irrigation, Corner-Saving Vascular Anastomosis, DJ Stenting, and Extravesical Ureteroneocystostomy Modifications: A Comprehensive Approach.

Introduction The antiseptic skin preparation, bladder irrigation, corner-saving vascular anastomosis, DJ stenting, and extravesical ureteroneocystostomy (ABCDE) approach encompasses a range of modifications applied during different stages of the surgical procedure in renal transplantation. These modifications include the following: A, antiseptic skin preparation sequentially with cetrimide 3.35%, chlorhexidine scrub 4%, spirit, and povidone-iodine 10%; B, bladder irrigation with amikacin and betadine solution; C, corner-saving end-to-side vascular anastomosis; D, DJ stenting with early postoperative removal within three weeks; and E, extravesical ureteroneocystostomy using our institute's modified Lich-Gregoir technique.

Metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives: Synthesis and biological activity.

Xanthine and its derivatives are considered an important class of N-heterocyclic purine compounds that have gained significant importance in medicinal chemistry. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and N-coordinated metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives have revealed a range of new possibilities for their use as therapeutic agents in addition to their established catalytic behavior. The metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives have been designed and synthesized for the exploration of their potential therapeutic applications.

Clinico-Etiological Spectrum and Outcome in Patients With Septic Acute Kidney Injury and Its Comparison With Non-septic Acute Kidney Injury: A Hospital-Based Prospective Study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogenous syndrome defined by the impairment of kidney filtration and excretory function over days to weeks, resulting in the retention of nitrogenous and other waste products normally cleared by the kidneys. In addition, AKI is frequently recognized to be associated with sepsis and contributes to an unfavorable outcome in sepsis. This study was undertaken to study and compare the etiology and clinical profile of patients with septic and non-septic AKI and to study and compare the outcome in both groups.

Clinical Profile, Management, and Outcome of Visceral Artery Pseudoaneurysms: 5-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms are potentially lethal lesions and tend to rupture in a high proportion of cases, thereby warranting an immediate and active intervention. We present our experience of splanchnic visceral artery pseudoaneurysms in a university hospital over a 5-year time interval with emphasis on etiology, clinical presentation, management (endovascular/surgical), and final outcome. This was a retrospective study in which we searched our image database for pseudoaneurysms of visceral arteries over a period of 5 years.